氮磷钾肥运筹对红麻养分利用的影响

Effects of NPK fertilizer management on nutrient use of kenaf,Hibiscus cannabinus L.

【目的】研究氮磷钾肥运筹对红麻Hibiscus cannabinus L.不同器官养分含量和吸收以及土壤速效养分含量的影响,以探讨不同红麻品种养分利用特点,为红麻高产高效栽培提供合理施肥依据.【方法】通过盆栽试验,试验设2种红麻品种,即福红992与红优2号;3种施肥水平,即低肥(N、P2O5和K2O分别为0.10、0.05和0.10 g·kg-1),中肥(N、P2O5和K2O分别为0.15、0.75和0.15 g·kg-1)和高肥(N、P2O5和K2O分别为0.20、0.10和0.20g·kg-1);以及3种施肥方式,即全部NK肥作基肥(T1),60%的NK肥作基肥和40%的NK肥作追肥(T2)以及全部NK肥作追肥(T3).【结果和结论】随着肥料用量的增加,红麻各器官中NPK含量、植株NPK吸收总量以及土壤速效NPK含量均出现增加的趋势.随着NK肥追肥比例的上升,红麻各器官中NP含量,以及植株NP吸收总量均出现下降的趋势;麻皮中P含量、各器官K含量、土壤速效养分、红麻吸K量均出现上升的趋势.在本文试验条件下,高肥且全部做基肥施用时,有利于红麻对养分的吸收和土壤速效养分含量的提高.

[Objective] The effects of NPK fertilizer management on nutrient contents and uptakes in dif-ferent organs and soil available nutrient contents were studied to investigate the nutrient use of different kenaf varieties, so as to provide rational fertilization for high yield and high efficient cultivation of kenaf. [Method] The pot experiments included two kenaf varieties, i.e.Fuhong 992 and Hongyou 2, three fer-tilization levels, i.e.low fertilization （N 0.10 g·kg -1, P2O5 0.05 g·kg -1 and K2O 0.10 g·kg -1）, medium fertilization （ N 0.15 g·kg -1, P2 O5 0.075 g·kg-1, K2 O 0.15 g·kg -1 ） and high fertilization （N 0.20 g·kg -1, P2O50.10 g·kg -1, K2O 0.20 g·kg -1）, and three fertilization methods, i.e.T1 （all N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer）, T2（60%N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer, 40%N and K fertilizers as topdressing ） and T3 （ all N and K fertilizers as topdressing ） .[Result and conclusion] The contents of N, P and K in various organs, plant NPK uptakes and the contents of available N, P and K in soil increased with the increase of fertilizer rate .With the increase of the rate of NK for top dressing, N contents in various organs, P contents in root, leaf and pole and plant N and P uptakes reduced while P contents in bark, K contents in various organs, plant K uptakes and the contents of available N, P and K in soil increased.In this study,for Fuhong 992 and Hongyou 2,high fertilization with all N and K fertilizersas basal fertilizer can increase the nutrient absorption of kenaf and the contents of available nutrientsin soil.