夏秋季红火蚁工蚁的觅食偏好性及与多态性的关系

Dietary preference and polymorphism of Solenopsis invicta foragers in China in summer and autumn

【目的】明确在广州地区红火蚁Solenopsis invicta的觅食嗜好性,为我国防治红火蚁新型饵剂的研制与开发提供科学依据.【方法】2011年7—11月观察了广州桑园和荒地红火蚁工蚁觅食活动的季节差异和日动态,并分析其摄食食物类别与生境、季节的关系,比较分析了固态型、液态型或防御型工蚁的个体分布.【结果和结论】春、秋季的2种生境中,摄取固态或液态食物的红火蚁工蚁数量在2种生境或夏秋季节间存在显著差异(固态型P<0.01,液态型P<0.05),但这种差异不受生境和季节互作的影响(固态型P=0.373 3、液态型P=0.903 3).工蚁对液态食物的喜好强于固态食物,携带液态食物的工蚁的平均比例[夏季:(36.58±8.74)%,秋季:(37.60±5.16)%],显著地高于搬运固态食物的[夏季:(8.03±1.66)%,秋季:(7.30±1.71)%].取食固态食物、液态食物以及负责防御的3类工蚁的个体多态性均呈连续性偏态分布,其平均头壳宽度分别为(0.652 4±0.007 1)、(0.636 1±0.006 2)和(0.636 3±0.006 4)mm,而且三者间无显著性差异.

[Objective] To identify the foraging habits of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren in newly invaded region of Guangzhou , and to provide scientific basis for researching and developing new baits to control the fire ant .[Method] The diurnal dynamics and body polymorphism of foragers in the colony of the red imported fire ant were observed by using directly-dissecting underground foraging tunnel at mulberry orchard and barren land in summer and autumn in Guangzhou .[Result and conclusion] The results showed that foraging rates of fire ant workers for liquid-or solid-food were significantly different in habitats and seasons , but no difference in interaction of two treatments .The foraging rates of dietary pref-erence for liquid food in all treatments were significantly higher than those for solid food .The average proportion of workers carring liquid food in crop [ summer： （ 36.58 ±8.74 ）%, autumn： （ 37.60 ± 5.16 ）%] was significantly higher than the proportion of workers carrying solid foods [ summer：（ 8.03 ± 1.66）%, autumn：（7.30 ±1.71）%].Individual polymorphism of workers feeding solid food , liquid food and responsible for defense showed a continuity of skewed distribution .Their average head width were（0.652 4 ±0.007 1）, （0.636 1 ±0.006 2） and （0.636 3 ±0.006 4） mm, respectively, showing no sig-nificant difference among them .