古诗词文本的空间信息解析与可视化分析

Spatial Information Analysis and Visualization Analysis of the Ancient Poetry

解析文学作品中的空间信息并进行空间可视化分析,为文学研究提供了一个新的视角,对于理解文学作品具有重要的参考价值。本文尝试利用2类方法解析古诗词文本空间信息,即"基于古今地名关系的明确定位法"和"方位推测定位、近似替代定位、时空推测定位等近似地名定位方法";设计了能表达古诗词作者、诗词文本、诗词地名和相关地理空间信息的数据库,以唐李白诗词为例,收集诗词967首,对其中563首的创作地、所描述的地名或景观进行了空间定位,初步建成了诗词地理数据库。在GIS中,对于李白诗词创作的地点、诗词中描述的地名及作者联想到的地名等位置信息进行地理制图,并归纳分析其空间分布特征,能清晰展现李白的创作空间和诗词文本表征的空间分布格局。研究表明:应用GIS技术对文学作品进行空间分析是可行的,从地理空间视角研究古诗词等文学作品具有重要价值。

The analysis of the spatial information in literary works and spatial visualization analysis provide a new perspective for the study of literature, which has important reference value for understanding literary works. This article attempts to analyze the spatial information from ancient poetry texts by using two methods：the spe-cific positioning method based on the relationship between the names of ancient and modern places;and the ap-proximate positioning methods, including the method of inference based on the orientation, the method of re-placement based on the approximate location and the method of speculation based on the spatio-temporal data. We have designed a database, which can express the authors of ancient poetry, poetry texts, names of places and geographical spatial information that appears in the poems. Taking the poems of Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty as an example, we have collected 967 pieces of his poems and detected the spatial locations where Li Bai composed his poems, and we collected the geographic names appeared in the poems among 563 pieces. Meanwhile, we have initially set up the geographic database for ancient poetry. Based on GIS technology, we have produced a map using the positional information presented in the poems of Li Bai, including the poetry creation places, the described places and the associated places. We have then carried out an analysis of the characteristics of spatial distribution of the positional information, which clearly shows the distribution pattern of the poetry creation space of Li Bai and the representation space of his poems. The study shows that it is feasible for the analysis of the spatial characteristics to be applied on the literatures by using GIS technology, and it has great reference val-ues in the study of ancient poetry and other literary works from the geographical spatial perspective.