自行车短距离项目场地专项力量训练方法的比较

Comparison between the Specific Strength Training Methods of Track Sprint Cycling

目的:通过运动学指标分析,对自行车短距离项目几种力量耐力和速度力量训练方法的专项性和有效性进行对比研究。方法:选择上海自行车队短组3名男子优秀运动员为对象。选择2011年全国比赛8场1 km计时赛,以及期间分别进行的8节原地750 m和蓝线行进750 m训练课进行力量耐力训练方法分析;选择同期进行的12场争先赛200 m资格赛,以及12节大坡行进200 m和牵引125+200 m训练课进行速度力量训练方法分析。采用德国SRM系统采集运动学指标,分析数据包括各训练比赛中的功率、频率、速度,同时记录运动成绩。结果:(1)原地750 m训练的前两个250 m分段及总平均功率(Pmean)和平均频率(Cmean)均显著低于1 km计时赛;蓝线行进750 m各分段Pmean、Cmean和即刻速度均高于原地750 m,且总Pmean和Cmean与1 km计时赛相比无明显差异。(2)牵引125+200 m训练的两个100 m分段的Pmax和Cmean、200 m总Cmean和50 m分段即刻速度均显著高于大坡行进200 m训练和争先资格赛。结论:蓝线20 km/h行进出发750 m和摩托车牵引125+200 m训练方法可能是更加符合专项要求的自行车短距离专项力量耐力和速度力量训练。

Objective： To make a comparative study of the specialty and effectiveness of the several training methods for strength endurance and speed strength of sprint cycling through the analysis of kinematic indexes. Method：Three elite male cyclists of the sprint group of Shanghai Cycling Team were chosen as the subjects. The analysis of strength endurance training focused on the eight 1km time trials of the national competition in 2011 and the 8 training sessions of 750m riding with standing start and lfying start from blue line during the competition period. The analysis of speed strength training was based on the twelve 200m qualiifcation race and twelve training sessions of 200m riding with lfying start from the top and 125＋200m riding behind motorbike（motorbike traction training）.SRM of Germany was applied to collect the kinematic indexes and data for analysis, including the power, cadence and speed in different training sessions and races. At the same time, the results were recorded. Result：1） The total Pmean and Cmean and those in the ifrst two 250m segments of the 750m with standing start were obviously lower than 1kmTT. Pmean and Cmean in the different segments of 750m with lfying start from blue line and the instant speed were higher than those of the 750m with standing start. And there was no signiifcant difference between the total Pmean and Cmean with those of the 1km time trial. 2） The Pmax and Cmean of two 100m segments, the total Cmean of 200m and the instant speed in the motorbike traction training were obviously higher than those of the lfying start 200m training and sprint qualiifcation.Conclusion：the training sessions of 750m riding with lfying start from blue line at the speed of 20km/h and 125＋200m motorbike traction training may be the suitable training methods for the speciifc strength endurance and speed strength of sprint cycling.