丹江口库区待迁移民社会支持状况及影响因素

Social support and its influencing factors among quasi-migrants in Danjiangkou reservoir area

目的了解河南省淅川县丹江口库区待迁移民的社会支持状况及其影响因素,为南水北调后期移民工作的顺利进行提供指导。方法采用基本情况调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对在丹江口库区分层整群抽样的575名待迁移民和564名原住地不搬迁居民进行调查。结果丹江口库区待迁移民客观支持得分为(8.65±2.37)分,高于原住地不搬迁居民的(7.72±3.02)分,主观支持得分和社会支持总分分别为(21.37±5.00)和(36.95±6.90)分,均低于原住地不搬迁居民的(22.48±4.74)和(37.42±7.03)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,男性、文化程度较高和当地治安状况较好的待迁移民社会支持得分较高,非在婚和与邻里关系不好的待迁移民社会支持得分较低;待迁移民SCL-90量表躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性得分和量表总分分别为(1.32±0.45)、(1.24±0.31)、(1.12±0.22)、(1.15±0.26)、(1.15±0.29)、(1.15±0.25)、(1.13±0.31)、(1.10±0.23)、(1.10±0.21)和(1.18±0.25)分;相关分析结果显示,待迁移民SSRS量表主观支持得分与SCL-90量表躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、精神病性得分及量表总分均呈负相关(P<0.05),对社会支持的利用度维度得分与SCL-90量表躯体化、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性得分及量表总分均呈正相关(P<0.05),社会支持总分与SCL-90量表躯体化得分呈负相关(r=-0.084,P<0.05)。结论丹江口库区待迁移民较原住地不搬迁居民获得的社会支持较少,性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、与邻里关系和当地治安状况是丹江口库区待迁移民社会支持状况的影响因素。

Objective To study social support status and its influencing factors among quasi-migrants in Danjiang-kou reservoir area and to provide guidance for the late resettlement of the migrants.Methods Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method was used in this study.We used a basic questionnaire,Symptom Checklist-90（SCL-90）and Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）to investigate 575 quasi-migrants and 564 non-migrants in Xichuan county.Results We found that the quasi-migrants got higher scores in the objective support（8.65±2.37）than the non-migrants（7.72±3.02）and got lower scores in subjective support（21.37±5.00）as well as SSRS total score（36.95±6.90）than the non-migrants（22.48±4.74 and 37.42±7.03）,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.01）.The multiple linearity regression model revealed that gender,education level,and local security situation were positively correlated with SSRS total score（β=1.189,1.088,1.093）;unmarrtied and bad neighborhood relations were negatively correlated with SRSS total score（β=-1.684,-1.935）.Among the quasi-migrants,the SCL-90 scores for somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobia,paranoid,psychosis,and total score were 1.32±0.45,1.24±0.31,1.12±0.22,1.15±0.26,1.15±0.29,1.15±0.25,1.13±0.31,1.10±0.23,1.10±0.21,and 1.18±0.25,respectively.The subjective support score was negatively correlatd with the SCL-90 scores for somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,psychosis,and total score（P〈0.05 for all）.And the score of social support utilization was positively correlated with somatization,anxiety,hostility,phobia,psychosis,and total score（P〈0.05 for all）.Social support score was negatively correlated with somatization score（r=-0.084,P〈0.05）.Conclusion Quasi-migrants got a lower score of social support.Gender,education level,marital status,relation with neighbors,and the local security situation are influencing factors of social support.