低温菌剂降解秸秆还田对东北黑土微生物活性的影响

Effects of Low-temperature Agent Degrading Straw and Returning to Field on Microbial Activity in Black Soil

研究了东北黑土区低温菌剂降解秸秆还田对玉米田土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,低温菌剂的施入较常温菌剂显著提高了土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性及微生物碳、氮含量。经低温复合菌剂处理和低温生物表面活性剂处理后,土壤细菌数量分别高于对照(不施菌剂)5.12%和3.72%,其他处理均明显低于对照。各处理土壤真菌、放线菌的数量均高于对照,且低温复合菌土壤真菌、放线菌的数量最多,分别高于对照2.11倍和21.34%。除生物表面活性剂处理和纤维素分解菌处理土壤脲酶活性低于对照外,低温纤维素分解菌处理、低温复合菌处理、低温表面活性剂处理和复合菌处理土壤脲酶活性分别高于对照14.67%、7.43%、6.17%和1.67%。低温复合菌剂处理、复合菌处理、纤维素分解菌处理、低温生物表面活性剂处理、低温纤维素分解菌处理和生物表面活性剂处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性分别高于对照9.01%、4.71%、4.23%、3.66%、2.89%和1.48%。施菌剂能显著提高土壤微生物量以及碳、氮含量,且施加低温菌剂的处理在提高土壤微生物量方面优于常温菌剂。

The effects of low-temperature agent degrading straw and returning to the field on microbial biomass and soil enzyme of cornfield in black soil were investigated. The results showed that low-temperature agent improved the numbers of microbes, the soil enzyme activities and the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents. Treatments of low-temperature complex agent and low-temperature biosurfactants had more bacteria than CK by 5.12% and 3.72%. The other treatments had less bacteria than CK. The greatest numbers of fungi and actinomycetes were recorded for low-temperature complex agent, which were 2.11 times and 21.34% greater than those of CK. All treatments had more fungi and actinomycetes than CK. Ex- cept treatments of biosurfactants and cellulose decomposing microbes had less urease activities than CK, other treatments of low-temperature cellulose decomposing microbes, low-temperature complex agent,low-temperature biosurfactants, and complex- agent had more urease activities than CK by 14.67% ,7.43% ,6.17% and 1.67% ,respectively. Treatments of low-temperature complex agent, complex agent, cellulose decomposing microbes, low-temperature biosurfactants, low-temperature cellulose decomposing microbes,and biosurfactants had more catalase activities than CK by 9.01%,4.71%,4.23%, 3.66%,2.89% and 1.48%.Application of agent accelerated expansion of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents. Applications of low-tem- perature agent were better than those of agents on improving the contents of microbial biomass.