多任务卫星簇适应性轨道设计

Optimal Design for Multi-Task Satellite Cluster Adaptive Orbit

卫星簇是介于卫星编队和卫星星座之间的一种新的空间组网卫星构型。通过多颗卫星联合工作,组网卫星簇能够提高对指定区域的覆盖时间,扩展对地面的观测范围。针对多任务卫星簇,提出了一种满足多种载荷任务约束的适应性轨道方案。将多任务卫星簇分为侦察卫星簇和长时间连续覆盖卫星簇两部分:侦察卫星簇在实现全球快速侦察的同时,能够弥补对热点区域的连续覆盖时间;连续覆盖部分卫星簇在实现区域长时间连续覆盖的同时,可以拓展对地球的侦察区域。仿真结果表面,若载荷天线波束为60°,有效作用距离为1 200 km,那么只需要6颗卫星就可以每天对全球进行1次侦察,并且对热点区域的连续覆盖时间超过20 min。

Satellite cluster is a new kind of space configuration different from satellite formation and satellite con-stellation. With multi-satellites working together, satellites can improve the covering time span for the assigned re-gion and broaden the observation area on the earth. For the multi-task satellite cluster, an adaptive orbit scheme that satisfied various payload constraints was proposed. The multi-task satellite cluster was divided into two parts：the reconnaissance cluster and the long-time covering cluster. The reconnaissance cluster can observe the earth quickly while increasing the covering time for the assigned region. The covering cluster can observe the assigned re-gion with the longest time while enlarging the covered area on the earth;this was beneficial to the global reconnais-sance. Simulation results and their analysis manifested preliminarily that, when the antenna beam was 60°; and the effective distance was 1 200 km, only six satellites are necessary for observing the earth each day and the covering time for the assigned region was more than 20 minutes.