不同调理剂对猪粪堆肥重金属Cu、Zn、Cd形态的影响

Influence of Different Conditioners on Activity of Heavy Metals(Cu,Zn and Cd)During Pig Manure Composting

选取玉米秸秆、木屑为调理剂,进行强制通风静态堆肥实验,以不添加调理剂为对照,研究调理剂对猪粪堆肥过程中重金属Cu、Zn、Cd活性的影响。结果表明,不添加调理剂的猪粪堆肥过程对重金属Cu、Cd具有一定的钝化效果,但可交换态钝化率分别仅为14.38%,15.43%,对重金属Zn具有一定的活化作用,增加有机肥土地利用过程中的环境风险。与对照相比,玉米秸秆和木屑作为调理剂不同程度地加强Cu、Zn、Cd的钝化效果,且以木屑表现较优的钝化作用,木屑对重金属Cu、Zn、Cd可交换态的钝化率分别达64.16%,56.24%,90.57%。LSD方差分析结果表明,木屑处理对重金属Cu的钝化效果显著优于秸秆处理和对照处理(p<0.05),而秸秆处理和对照处理差异不显著(p>0.05);木屑处理对重金属Zn的钝化效果显著优于秸秆处理和对照处理(p<0.05),秸秆处理显著优于对照处理(p<0.05);木屑处理和秸秆处理对重金属Cd的钝化效果显著优于对照处理(p<0.05),而木屑处理与秸秆处理差异不显著(p>0.05)。

The corn stalk and saw dust was taken as conditioning agents,and three mixtures were composted over a 30-day period in aerobic composting tank using the same pig manure with different conditioning agent mixtures to explore the influence of different conditioners on the activity of heavy metals（Cu,Zn and Cd）during composting of pig manure.The results showed that the treatment without any conditioning agent had apassivation effect to Cu and Cd,but the exchangeable passivation rate were only 14.38%,15.43%.However,it had an activation effect to Zn,increased the environmental risk during the process of the organic fertilizers land use.Compared with the control,corn stalks and wood chips as a conditioning agent strengthened Cu,Zn,Cd passivation effect in varying degrees,and saw dust performance a better passivation effect.The exchangeable passivation rate of Cu,Zn,Cd for the saw dust treatment was 64.16%,56.24%,90.57%,respectively.LSD-ANOVA showed that the passivation effect of Cu for saw dust treatment was significant better than the corn stalk treatment and the control treatment（p〈0.05）,but no significant difference between the corn stalk treatment and control treatment（p〉0.05）.The passivation effect of Zn for saw dust treatment was significant better than the corn stalk treatment and the control treatment（p〈0.05）,the corn stalk treatment was significant better than the control treatment（p〈0.05）.The passivation effect of Cd forsaw dust treatment and corn stalk treatment were significantly better than the control treatment（p〈0.05）,and there was no significant difference between the corn stalk treatment and saw dust treatment（p〉0.05）.