基于Biolog-ECO分析长庆油田土壤微生物群落功能多样性特征

Analysis of microbial community functional diversity in the Changqing Oilfield based on Biology-ECO method

石油的开采造成土壤污染和地表扰动,从而影响土壤微生物群落结构与功能.为进一步明确不同开采强度对土壤微生物的影响,选取长庆油田不同开采年限的6口油井,按照不同距离(3 m、5 m、10 m、20 m和50 m)采取土壤样品,通过Biolog-ECO技术研究油田地区土壤微生物群落功能多样性特征.结果显示,油井作业区(3 m、5 m、10 m和20m)土壤微生物群落平均吸光值(AWCD)、丰富度指数和Pielou指数显著低于作业区外(50 m)土壤微生物群落功能多样性(P<0.05);不同距离采样点土壤微生物利用碳源方式存在差异;土壤微生物群落AWCD以及各功能多样性指数与土壤含水量和有机碳显著正相关(P<0.05),与pH显著负相关(P<0.01),但与总石油烃(TPH)相关性不显著(P>0.05).不同开采年限油井土壤TPH存在差异,但是土壤微生物群落无显著差异(P>0.05).研究表明油田作业区石油开采对土壤微生物群落功能多样性有一定的影响,但微生物群落功能与油井开采时间不相关,其结果可以为油田地区的污染评价和生物修复提供参考.

Soil pollution and surface disturbance caused by oil exploitation affected the structure and function of soil microbial communities. However, the impacts of different exploitation intensity on soil microbes need to be clarified. In this study, we collected soil sample from six selected oil wells with different distances（3 m, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 50 m） located in the Changqing Oilfield, and analyzed their soil microbial community functional diversity using Biolog-ECO technology. The results showed that the average well color development（AWCD）, richness index and Pielou index of soil microbial communities in the operating area（3 m, 5 m, 10 m and 20 m） of oil wells were significantly lower than that outside the operating area（50 m）. Differences existed for carbon-source utilization within these sample sites. The AWCD and richness index for soil microbial communities showed significant positive correlation with soil moisture and organic carbon（P 0.05）, and significant negative correlation with pH（P 0.01）. However, it was not significantly associated with total petroleum hydrocarbons（TPH）（P 0.05）. The soil TPH of oil wells with different exploitation periods showed diversity, but no significant differences in soil microbial communities（P 0.05）. The results showed that oil exploitation in oil operations area influences the diversity of soil microbial community function. However, the function of microbial communities and oil exploitation period are not related. Our research provides insights into the assessment and bioremediation in contaminated oil areas.