综合心理行为训练对集训期新兵心理应激和心理健康的影响及相互关系

The influence of comprehensive psychological behavior training on psychological stress and health of new recruits in training periods and its interrelation

目的 探讨综合性心理行为训练对新兵心理应激、心理健康和相关因素的影响,为制定新兵心理干预方案提供参考.方法 436名集训期新兵随机分为综合性心理行为训练组（干预组）和非干预组（对照组）.随机2（干预组、对照组）＆#215;2（训练前、训练后）前后配对设计,采用应激反应问卷（SRQ）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）于集训第15天和第75天对干预组和对照组进行团体心理测评,进行组间成组t检验和组内配对t检验及Pearson相关、多元逐步回归分析.结果 （1）集训前期干预组和对照组新兵SCL-90总分[分别为（125.26±36.52）分、（124.92±34.79）分]及因子分、SRQ与TCSQ因子分评分差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.综合性心理行为训练后,干预组SCL-90总分[（125.63±36.74）分]及各因子分与干预前比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;对照组除躯体化、强迫外,SCL-90总分[（131.21±39.98）分]及其他因子分均显著高于集训前期（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）.集训后期组间平行对照,干预组除躯体化、强迫外,SCL-90总分及其他因子分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）.（2）集训后期干预组SCL-90总分、SRQ总分与消极应对、稳定性显著正相关（r=0.313～0.698,均P＜0.01）,与内外向、掩饰性显著负相关（r=-0.293-0.207,均P＜0.01）;与积极应对无显著相关性（均P＞0.05）.（3）回归分析显示：对SCL-90总分有显著影响的因子依次为：SRQ总分、消极应对、稳定性、内外倾、精神质（P＜0.01）,5个变量的决定系数R2=0.665,F=247.82,P＜0.01.结论 综合性心理行为训练能降低新兵过度心理应激,促进积极应对,保障心理健康.应对方式和个性特征是新兵心理应激和心理健康间的重要中介变量.

Objective To provide references for the plan-making of mental intervention on new recruits through the exploration of the comprehensive psychological behavior training influences on psychological stress and health and relevant factors.Methods 436 new recruits in training period were divided into comprehensive psychological behavior training group （intervention group） and non intervention group （control group）.By randomly selected 2 （intervention group,control group） ＆#215; 2 （Before training and after training） matching design,the questionnaire survey was carried out using stress-reaction questionnaire （SRQ）,symptom checklist 90 （SCL-90）,eysenck personality questionnaire（EPQ）,trait coping style questionaire（TCSQ） at the 15th day and 75th day.t-test between group and matched t-test within group and multiple stepwise regression analysis were carried out.Results （1） The SCL-90 total point of new recruits in intervention group （125.26±36.52）and control group（124.92± 34.79） before the training and the difference of SRQ and TCSQ factor scores had no statistical significance（P〉 0.05）.The difference after the comprehensive psychological behavior training had no statistical significance （P〉 0.05） as the total points of SCL-90 of intervention group（125.63±36.74） and other factors＆#39; score were compared with before.Except for the somatization and force,the total points of SCL-90 （131.21 ± 39.98）and other factor scores of the control group were all higher than what they were in the early period of the training significantly （P〈 0.01 or P〈0.05）.In the later period of group training,from the parallel controlled study among groups we found that except for the somatization and force,the total points of SCL-90 and other factor scores of the control group are all lower than the control group （P〈0.0 or P〈0.05）.（2）The total points of intervention group＆#39;s SCL-90 and SRQ had significant positive correlation with negative coping and stability（r=0.313-0.698,P〈0.01） while it had negative correlation with introversion and extroversion（r=-0.293--0.207,P〈0.01） as well as dissimulation at the later period of group training,however,it did not have significant correlation with positive coping method （P〉0.05）.（3） The regression analysis showed that factors significantly affected the total score of SCL-90 respectively was：SRQ total score,negative coping method,stability,introversion-extroversion and psychoticism （P〈 0.01）.Five variables＆#39;coefficient of determination R 2 =0.665,F=247.82,P〈 0.01.Conclusion The comprehensive psychological behavior training could reduce the over psychological stress of new recruits,promote their positive coping attitude and protecting their psychological health.Coping method and personality characteristics are important mediating variable between new recruits＆#39; psychological stress and mental health.