樱桃品种‘拉宾斯’雌雄配子体发育的解剖学研究

Anatomical Study of Male and Female Gametophytes in Prunus avium L.‘Lapins'

以‘拉宾斯’、‘艳阳’、‘马哈利CDR-1’为材料,对其自花授粉坐果率进行统计分析。用石蜡切片技术对拉宾斯雌雄配子体发育过程进行解剖观察。结果表明:(1)‘拉宾斯’自花授粉坐果率明显低于‘艳阳’和‘马哈利CDR-1’。(2)拉宾斯从小孢子母细胞形成至成熟花粉的各发育阶段均观察到小孢子退化、花粉囊中的花粉干瘪、出现空腔。花粉成熟阶段部分花药绒毡层细胞不发生退化,花粉难以散出,造成雄性败育。(3)雌配子体在大孢子母细胞发育阶段出现大孢子发育不良或不能形成等异常发育雌配子体败育类型。(4)雄配子体在3月1日左右开始发育,3月14日左右趋近成熟;雌配子体则发育相对较晚,3月12日左右开始发育,3月25日左右趋近成熟。研究表明,‘拉宾斯’雌、雄配子体在其形成发育过程中的各种异常使其不能正常受精并且雌雄配子体发育不同步,最终导致坐果量低下。

In this experiment, the self pollination rate of ＇Lapins＇, ＇Sunburst＇, ＇Prunus mahaleb CDR 1＇ was investigated, and the development process of female and male gametophyte of ＇Lapins＇ was studied by using the technology of paraffin wax slice. It was shown that, （1） the fruit setting rate through natural pollination of ＇Lapins＇ was obviously lower than those of ＇Sunburst ＇ and ＇Prunus mahaleb CDR 1 ＇. （2） There were different types of aborted male gametophytes of ＇ Lapins＇, very few pollens in the pollen sacs,pollen sac withered in the cavity and the tapetum cells did not degenerate in some anthers at the stage of pollen maturity,which resulted the difficult of pollens disperse and male gametophyte abortion. （3） At the stage of megaspore mother cell development of ＇Lapins＇ , female gametophytes were observed to form no megaspores or developed poorly. The male gametophyte de- velopment began around March 1st and reached maturity around March 14th. Female gametophyte de velopment was relatively late, started around March 12th and reached maturity around March 25th. The study indicated that the reasons of low rate of ＇Lapins＇ cherry were incorrect fertilization and unsynchronized development of the male and female gametophytes.