云南省部分农村居民腹泻影响因素分析

Analysis on Influential Factors of Diarrhea in some Rural Residents of Yunnan

目的探讨云南省部分农村居民卫生习惯、庭院和室内卫生、厕所类型和厨房中病媒生物对腹泻患病的影响,为下一步做好农村公共卫生工作和促进农村居民健康提供科学依据。方法根据《全国农村环境卫生监测项目技术方案》开展调查,数据经"全国农村环境卫生监测信息管理系统"上报,对数据审核后导出EXCEL表格建立数据库,统计分析运用SPSS 16.0统计软件包处理。结果 2013年共调查18 399人,441人两周内发生过腹泻,两周发病率为2.23%。厨房内发现蟑螂成若虫、饭前便后不洗手和喝生水增加腹泻患病风险;庭院卫生状况、厕所类型、厨房内是否发现鼠迹和苍蝇因素与腹泻未见显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论云南农村居民腹泻发病率较高,培养良好的饮水习惯、卫生习惯及控制厨房蟑螂密度是控制农村居民腹泻的关键因素。

Objectives To explore the impact of hygienic habits,cleanness of courtyard and indoors,the type of toilet and vector organism in kitchen on the incidence of diarrhea in rural residents of Yunnan,and to provide scientific evidence for improving the public health works and health status of rural residents. Methods The surveys were conducted in 2013 among 18 399 people in Yunnan according to the National Sanitary Surveillance Scheme for Rural Environment issued by the National Public Health Campaign Committee. All data were uploaded through the Information Management System for National Sanitary Surveillance of Rural Environment,the database was established with EXCEL after the data were downloaded and verified,and the data were analyzed with SPSS 16. 0.Results There were 441 people suffered from diarrhea in two weeks before the investigation,the incidence of diarrhea was 2. 23%. The possible risk factors for increasing the incidence of diarrhea were adult and nymphae cockroaches being found in kitchen,not washing hand before eating food and after using toilet,and drinking raw water.No significant correlation was found between the cleanness of courtyard and indoors,type of toilet,the trace of rat and fly with the incidence of diarrhea in residents. Conclusions The incidence of diarrhea was higher in rural residents of Yunnan. Drinking boiled water,washing hand before eating food and after using toilet,and controlling the density of cockroaches in kitchen might be beneficial in decreasing the incidence of diarrhea.