虎纹蛙(Hoplobatra chuschinensis)繁殖后期的生境特征及生境选择

Post-breeding habitat characteristics and habitat selection of tiger frog(Hoplobatrachus chinensis)

了解动物的生境特征及其生境选择性,对于动物野生种群的保护具有重要意义。2013年9月,在浙江温州楠溪江流域对国家二级保护动物虎纹蛙的野外生境进行了研究,并利用生境喜好系数和主成分分析法对其生境选择性进行了分析。结果表明:虎纹蛙偏好的生境特征为地形较平缓,坡度较小;地表基质类型为淤泥和细沙,相对湿度较大;植被类型为水稻和草丛,高度和盖度适中;离大型水体的距离较远,离小型水体的距离较近,其栖息水域为静水水域,流速较缓、深度较浅、水质较好、温度较高;离农田的距离较近,离道路的距离适中,离居民点的距离较远;影响虎纹蛙生境选择的主要因子为坡度、坡位、植被高度、植被盖度、地表基质类型、地表温度、离水体的距离、水体温度、水体p H、水体氧含量、离农田的距离和离道路的距离。

To understand the habitat characteristics and habitat selectivity of wild animals is of＇ great significance for the protection of their populations. The habitat characteristics of tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis ）, one of the second class national-level protected animals of China were studied at Nanxi River basin, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province in September 2013, and the habitat selection was analyzed by the methods of habitat preference index and principal compo- nent analysis. The results indicated that the preferred habitats of tiger frog are terrain with smooth and gentle slopes; the ground substrate types of silt and sand with high relative humidity; the vegetation types of rice and grass with moderate height and coverage; inhabiting area near small water bodies and far from large water bodies with slow flow rate, shallow depth, warmer temperature and good quality; inhabiting area near paddy field, moderately far from roads and far from the residential area. The main factors that affect the habitat selection of tiger frog include slope gradient and position, vegetation height and coverage, the ground substrate type and surface temperature, distance to water bodies, water temperature, water pH and dissolved oxygen content, distances to the croplands and roads.