《立法法》修订应当明确和理顺立法授权关系

Amendment to Legislation Law Should Clarify and Rationalize Legislative Authorization Relationship

依据"职权法定"原则和"职权宪定"原则的法治精神以及现行宪法和《立法法》规定的立法权制度,目前在我国依法享有立法职权的只有全国人大及其常委会,其他国家机关享有的立法权都不具有法律上的自主性和独立性,都是全国人大及其常委会依据宪法和《立法法》享有的国家立法权的某种形式或某种意义上的"授权"。由于现行宪法和《立法法》没有明确其他国家机关享有的立法权的基本法律特性是一种"授权",故在立法权限的划分上出现了自相矛盾的制度设计,并且也没有能够有效解决实践中出现的立法权限相互冲突的问题。因此,可以通过修订《立法法》的方式来进一步理顺立法授权关系,或者是通过修订《立法法》创制与国家立法权相对应的具有独立意义的地方立法权概念,从而围绕着"职权法定"原则来处理不同国家机关在立法上的基本法律关系。

In accordance with the principles of ＂statutory powers＂, ＂constitutional powers＂, and rule of law, and based on the existing Constitution and provisions of legislative system in Legislation Law, the only body authorized to legislate in today＇s China is the National People＇s Congress （NPC） together with its Standing Committee, and the legislative powers of other state organs do not have the autonomy and independence in the legal sense, all of which are results of ＂authorization＂ in certain sense by the NPC and its Standing Committee based on the Constitution and Legislation Law. Since the current Constitution and the Legislation Law do not clearly state that the basic legal nature of legislative rights of other state organs is a form of ＂authorization＂, it leads to contradictory systematic designing in dividing legislative authorities, and it fails to solve the contradiction between legislative authorities in practice. Therefore, it is possible to further clarify the legislative authorization relationship by amending the Legislation Law, or to establish the concept of local legislative power with independent nature corresponding to the national legislative power by amending the Legislation Law. These acts can help rationalize the basic legal relationship among different state organs based on the principle of ＂statutory power＂.