新中国成立以来生育政策变迁与社会机制调整

The Adjustment of Family Planning Policy and Changes of Social Mechanism since the Founding of New China

新中国成立以来我国生育政策历经了波浪式的发展历程。文章结合社会机制相关理论对此过程进行梳理,发现生育政策的变迁伴随着社会机制的不断调整,表现为从20世纪50年代的以"行政—计划"、制约模式为主,逐渐转向20世纪八九十年代以来的"指导—服务"、保障模式为主。当前,生育政策开始跃出单纯行政命令的简单模式与范畴,在社会机制的关照之下,将单一的制度性力量柔化为隐含于整体社会架构之下,通过多层面的制度外力量,协调国家人口意识与个人生育行为之间的空隙,从而为人口发展提供和谐力量。

Since the establishment of the new Chinese, family planning policy in our country has experienced the development course of wave type. We found that changes in fertility policy along with the continuous adjustment of social mechanism, from the 1950s mainly by administrative plan and control mode, gradually to the 1990s mainly by guide-service and security mode. The current fertility policy, leap the limitations of pure administrative orders, under the care of social mechanism, soften the institutional power single implied in the whole social framework, through the power system of multi level, reconcile the gap between national population awareness and individual reproductive behavior, provide the harmonious strength for population development.