从整体支配到协商治理:乡村治理转型及其困境——基于北镇“钉子户”治理的历史考察

From Overall Control to Deliberative Governance——Transformation of Rural Governance and Its Dilemma Based on a Historic Inspection of “Nail Households” Governance in Bei Town

通过对一个乡镇近30年"钉子户"治理的历史考察发现,以农业税费改革作为大致的分界点,乡村组织在国家推动下逐步从整体支配向协商治理转型。这一转型减少了乡村权力的整体支配运作所带来的权力滥用,以及对农民权利的损害。与此同时,乡村治权的弱化也导致官民难以合作或者通过村民代表协商之后的决议无法付诸实践,陷入"钉子户"无法治理的困境。究其本质来说,协商治理作为一种群众性自治方式,有助于确立新的议事公共规则,保护农民的权利,但是缺乏落实议事公共规则的强制力保障。

This research shows that village organizations have gradually transformed from the overall con-trol to deliberative governance roughly with the agricultural taxes and fees reform as the cut-off point, through a historic inspection of “nail households” governance nearly 30 years in a town.This transformation has re-duced the abuse of power from the overall control of rural power operation, and the damage to the farmers’ rights.At the same time, the attenuation of the country’ sovereignty has also led to the difficulty of the coop-eration between officers and farmers, and the impossibility of the negotiation resolution by the villagers’ repre-sentatives, resulting in the predicament of governing “nail households”.In essence, deliberative governance as a way of self-government of mass organizations, helps to establish new common rules, protect the rights of farmers, but lacks of coercive power security of implementation of the common rules.