某部新兵新训期间的心理健康和适应与其家庭教养方式、心理弹性和应对方式的关系

The Relations among Mental Health and Adaptation,Parental Rearing Patterns,Resilience and Coping styles in Recruits during Military Training

目的探讨某部新兵的心理健康状况、对环境的适应性及其与心理弹性、家庭教养方式和应对方式的关系。方法采用心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、简易应对方式量表(SCQS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某部队392名新兵进行抽样调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 1对军营环境不适应组新兵的SCL-90总均分显著高于适应组和有点不适应组(P<0.01);2生活在"民主型"家庭教养环境中的新兵更能适应新的环境(P<0.01);3新兵军训期间SCL-90总分与心理弹性总分和积极应对呈显著负相关(P<0.01);与消极应对呈显著正相关(P<0.01);4新兵SCL-90阴性组的心理弹性总分及其因子得分、积极应对方式得分显著高于阳性组(P<0.01);而消极应对方式得分要显著低于阳性组(P<0.01,t=4.75);5生活在"民主型"家庭教养环境中的新兵具有更高的心理健康水平(P<0.01);6生活在"民主型"家庭教养环境中的新兵,新训期间SCL-90总均分要显著低于"强制型"、"放任型"、"溺爱型"家庭教养环境为主的新兵组(P<0.05)。结论新兵新训期间的心理健康水平及对军营环境的适应与其家庭教养方式、应对方式及心理弹性密切相关,民主型的家庭环境、积极的应对方式和高的心理弹性有利于新兵新训期间的心理健康和对新环境的适应。

Objective To investigate the relations among mental health and adaptation ,parental rearing patterns ,resilience and coping styles in recruits during military training .Methods Connor -Davidson Resilience Scale （ CD -RISC ） , Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（CSQ）,Self-reporting Symptom Checklist 90（SCL-90）were applied in this survey to 392 recruits collected by cluster sampling.Results ①Compared with groups of adaptation and less -maladjustment ,the total SCL-90 average score of maladjustment individuals was significantly higher （t=3.91-7.99,P〈0.05）.②The recruits who living in the democratic were easier to adapt to the new environment .③During military training ,the total SCL-90 average score had significantly negative correlation with CD score （ P〈0.01）and positive coping,positive correlation with negative coping （P〈0.01）.④The scores of CD and positive coping of SCL -90 negative group in recruits were significantly higher than that of SCL -90 positive group（t=-3.77--6.22,P〈0.01）,but the score of negative coping were lower（t=4.75,P〈0.01）.⑤The recruits who living in the democratic had a higher level of mental health .⑥Compared with the recruits living in the Mandatory ,laissez -faire and Indulgent,the total SCL -90 average score of recruits living in the democratic was significantly higher （t=-4.12-2.34,P〈0.05）.Conclusion During military training,the mental health of recruits is closely related to adaptation ,parental rearing patterns ,resilience and coping styles .The recruits who have higher resilience or live in the democratic or have positive coping have good mental health and adapt to the environment quite well .