过敏性哮喘和鼻炎患儿的临床免疫治疗研究

Study of clinical immunotherapy in children with allergic asthma and rhinitis

目的探讨过敏性哮喘和鼻炎患儿的特异性免疫治疗的临床应用。方法采用体外特异性过敏原检测系统对儿童医院门诊患儿进行血清过敏原特异性lgE(SlgE)抗体和总lgE进行检测,对尘螨过敏患儿进行分组治疗,免疫治疗组采用粉尘螨滴剂舌下脱敏治疗,对照组按普通药物抗过敏治疗,治疗6个月、12个月给予临床控制指标评分,同时观察患儿血清中SIgE的改变。结果 218例过敏患儿吸入性过敏114例(52.4%),食入性过敏101例(46.3%)。98例尘螨过敏患儿占总过敏者和吸入性过敏者的44.95%和85.96%。免疫治疗组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脱敏治疗患儿SIgE阳性率有所下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 218例过敏患儿的特异性过敏原检测中尘螨过敏者最多;舌下特异性免疫治疗过敏性哮喘和鼻炎效果显著。

Objective To investigate the clinical application of specific allergen immunotherapy （AIT）for the children with al-lergic asthma and rhinitis.Methods The in vitro specific allergen test system was adopted to detect allergen specific IgE and total IgE in children outpatients of the Children＆#39;s Hospital.The children patients with dust mite allergy were divided into groups for con-ducting therapy.The immunotherapy group adopted the Dermatophagoides farinae drops for hypoglossis desensitization therapy, while the control group was performed the anti-allergic therapy by the common drugs.The clinical control indicator scores were per-formed after 6-months and 12-month therapy and at the same time the change of serum specific LgE was observed.Results Among 218 cases of allergy,114 cases（52.4%）were inhalation allergy and 101 cases （46.3%）were food allergy.98 cases of dust mite al-lergy accounted for 44.95% of the total allergy and 85.96% of the inhalation allergy.The difference in the curative effects between the AIT group and the control group had statistical significance（P 〈0.01）.Conclusion Among 218 children cases of allergy,the dust mite allergy was maximum in the specific allergen detection;the hypoglossis specific immunotherapy has significant curative effect for the children with allergic asthma and rhinitis.