基于GIS的儋州民营胶园精细化施肥配方制定研究

Establishing Precision Fertilization Formulas for Private Rubber Plantations of Danzhou County Based on Geographic Information System(GIS)

海南民营胶园土壤肥力差异大,而测土配方施肥在民营橡胶园上应用率却很低。为提高民营橡胶园橡胶树施肥精细化程度,节约资源,本研究以儋州民营胶园为研究对象,针对民营橡胶园广泛种植的RRIM600橡胶树品种,应用Arc GIS软件的地统计与空间分析模块,结合叶片营养诊断结果以及叶片养分比例,并参考胶园土壤养分状况,为儋州市适宜种植橡胶的146个行政村制定出32个施肥配方,其N∶P2O5∶K2O∶Mg O在1∶（0.2-0.6）∶（0.4-0.9）∶（0.1-0.4）范围内,并就算出相应肥料种类的施肥量,其中每株橡胶树每年施尿素（N≈46%）在0.4-0.7 kg范围内,过磷酸钙（P2O5≈12%）在0.5-1.1 kg范围内,氯化钾（K2O≈60%）在0.15-0.3 kg,硫酸镁（Mg O≈16%）在0.1-0.5 kg范围内,总的肥料投入量每株橡胶树每年1.3-2.3 kg。对GIS支持下民营橡胶测土配方施肥的推广应用进行探索。

Large variations in soil fertility are found within private rubber plantations in Hainan Island.However,the utilization of soil testing formula fertilization in private rubber plantations is quite low.In order to increase the precise fertilization of private rubber and to save resource,the research targeting on private rubber plantation in Danzhou County,taking the widely planted RRIM600 rubber tree variety as the example,making use of the statistics and spatial analysis function of Arc GIS,combining the leaf nutrition diagnosis with leaf nutrient ratio,and referring to the plantation soil nutrient status,32 fertilization formulas were established for the 146 villages which are suitable for planting rubber in Danzhou.The ratio of N ∶ P2O5∶ K2 O ∶ Mg O is about 1 ∶（0.2-0.6） ∶（0.4-0.9） ∶（0.1-0.4）.The fertilizing amount of the corresponding fertilizer is urea（N≈46%）0.4-0.7 kg,superphosphate（P2O5≈12%）0.5-1.1 kg,potassium chloride（K2O≈60%）0.15-0.3 kg,magnesium sulfate（Mg O≈16%）0.1-0.5 kg,and total fertilizer inputs of one rubber tree per year is about 1.3-2.3 kg.The study made a exploration of soil testing formula fertilization popularization in private rubber plantation under the support of GIS.