刑法中的“多次”犯罪问题研究

Research on "Multiple" Crime in the Criminal Law

刑法中的"多次"犯罪,在本质上是将同种数罪以法律拟制的方式作为一罪加重处罚的刑法现象,我们也可称之为"多次"加重犯。由于立法者将犯罪的次数作为法定刑升格条件,这使得刑法对此类犯罪的处罚具有明显的重刑主义倾向。所以对于"多次"犯罪中的"次",应当坚持事实与价值相统一、客观与主观相统一的判断原则,从严予以认定。"多次"犯罪中单个犯罪之构成,仅要求该次行为足以构成犯罪即可,而不论该次行为属于既遂、未遂、预备抑或中止等形态。对于一次教唆或帮助行为,即便其内容涉及或导致了"多次"犯罪,对教唆者和帮助者也不能与正犯一起被评价为"多次"犯罪。

The ＂muhiple＂ crime in the Criminal Law is also called ＂＇multiple＂ aggravated offense. In essence, it is a criminal law phenome,lon that several crimes of one kind can be legally punished as one charge with increased penahies. As the lawmakers take the times of committing crimes as the conditions fbr upgrading .~tatutory sentence, the criminal law has shown the obvious tendency of severe penalty in punishing such crimes, so it＇ s imperative to stick to the judgment prineiples of unifying facts and valne, objectivity and subjectivity when identifying the ＂times＂ . The constitution tff a single crime in ＂multiple＂ crime only requires that the act is a crime, regardless of whether it has accomplished, attempted, prepared or suspended forms. Even the contents of a one-time abetting or helping have involved or resulted in ＂muhiple＂ crime, the instigator or helper shall not be evalnated as a ＂＇nlultiple＂ criIne, equaling to the perpetrator.