二氧化碳捕集技术及应用分析

CO_2 capture technologies and application

分析了CO2捕集技术及现状。CO2捕集是CCS的关键技术单元之一,针对不同的CO2气源,国内外研究开发了多种技术。许多CO2捕集技术已经工业化,其中燃烧后烟气中CO2的捕集技术主要是以一乙醇胺(MEA)为基础的胺法;燃烧前的CO2捕集技术主要应用于IGCC电厂,一般需要对煤气中CO进行部分变换,变换后脱碳可采用成熟技术,如Selexol(NHD)等。富氧燃烧则是在中试成功的基础上,进行更大规模的工业示范。国内外大型煤制油化工项目主要采用低温甲醇洗脱除CO2,如果设置CO2产品塔,则可以获得体积分数98%以上的CO2。天然气脱碳主要采用MDEA技术。另外还有低温法、PSA、膜分离等CO2捕集技术及化学链燃烧等一些正在研发的技术。

The CO2 capture technologies and application are briefly analyzed based on literatures. CO2 capture technology is one of the key technologies in CCS（ carbon capture and storage）. For different CO2 sources,there are numerous development technologies at home and abroad. Many kinds of CO2 capture technologies have been commercialized now. At present,MEA is the main method used for post-combustion flue gas CO2 capture. For pre-combustion CO2 capture,which is used in IGCC plant,part of CO convert to CO2 and H2by shifting reaction first,then CO2 is captured by mature technologies such as Selexol（ NHD） etc. Based on pilot experiment,commercial demonstration is demanded for Oxy-fuel technique. Rectisol is the mature technique used for large-scale CTL and CTC CO2 capture,and the CO2 content will be more than 98% if CO2 column was used in the process. For natural gas CO2 capture,MDEA is often adopted. There are also other CO2 capture technologies such as cryogenic,PSA,membrane etc. Chemical looping combustion and other CO2 capture technologies are still in the research and development phase.