从后常规科学的视角看转基因技术争论

Analysis on the Debate of GM Technology——From the Perspective of Post Normal Science

转基因技术的发展及其推广给现代农业、医学和生物经济等领域带来了深刻的变化,然而,自从转基因技术问世以来,关于转基因作物和食品的安全性问题,一直是备受关注和极具有争议性的话题。本文从后常规科学的视角分析了转基因技术的发展和争论,认为有关转基因技术的争论实质上是两种不同科学观念的碰撞,是在常规科学框架下看待具有后常规科学特征的转基因技术的必然结果,并且认为后常规科学中的"扩大的同行共同体"和"延伸的事实"等概念为科学共同体传播具有不确定性的科技知识提供了新的视角,为公众参与科学讨论提供了理论依据,进而对促进科学家与公众的交流,推进科学决策的民主化进程具有积极的作用。

The development and promotion of the GM technology has brought a profound change to modem agriculture, medicine, bioeconomics and other fields. However, since the advent of GM technology, the debate around the safety of genetically modified crops has been a concern highly controversial topic. This paper analyzed GM technology development and debate from the perspective of post normal science, and proposed the GM technology debate was essentially two collisions of different scientific concepts, as an inevitable result for GM technology of post normal scientific features under normal science framework. The concepts that ＂ Extended Peer Community ＂ and ＂the expanded fact＂ in post normal science provide new perspective for scientific community communicate uncertainty scientific knowledge, provide the theoretical basis for the scientific debate of the public. So there will be positive effect in promotion of communicating between scientists and public, and the promotion for democratic process of scientific decision - making.