北魏的覆亡——一个中原—阿尔泰政权的崩塌

Fall of the Northern Wei: Collapse of a Sino-Altaic Regime

北魏政权的覆亡,是朝廷中政治共识瓦解所致。公元6世纪20年代至公元530年间,北魏政权所面临的军事不利局面,使得政局愈加恶化,加速了朝中政治分裂。通过对北魏朝的政治史进行了大致回溯。文章着重关注了孝文帝改制,并聚焦公元500年至公元530年间(公元499年至515年,世宗在位;公元515年至528年,肃宗在位),前期的这一系列制度革新对催生朝中派系政治行为新模式的影响。由于种种派系政治行为新模式的出现,北魏皇权与诸多拓跋及鲜卑贵族间,围绕各自朝中政治角色与职能的矛盾,日益趋向暴力化。自公元520年元叉暴力政变始,北魏朝派系斗争暴力程度加剧。而公元528年尔朱荣发动"河阴之变"血案,派系暴力至此可谓登峰造极。

It is argued in the paper that the fall of the Northern Wei regime was due to the collapse of political consensus at the court. The military difficulties which the regime faced from the 520 s to the 530 s simply aggravated the political situation and accelerated the process of court-based political disunity. The study provides a brief survey of Northern Wei political history,notes the structural institutional reforms of Emperor Xiaowen,and then focuses upon the impact of these structural reforms in encouraging new patterns of factional political behavior at court during the period from 500 through 530(the reigns of Shizong,499—515,and Suzong,515—528). The result of these new patterns of political behavior was increasingly violent disagreement among the throne and various Tuoba and Xianbei lines regarding their proper roles and functions at the court. The factional violence accelerated with the 520 coup of Yuan Cha and climaxed in the 528 massacre at Heyin carried out by Erzhu Rong.