不同施肥处理的养分利用率及甘蔗效益研究

Nutrient Use Efficiency and Sugarcane Profit under Different Fertilization Treatments

在广西坡耕地赤红壤下,研究不同施肥处理对养分利用效率、甘蔗生长、单茎重、生物产量、蔗茎产量、锤度及经济效益的影响,寻求低成本、高经济效益和养分利用率的施肥模式.设5个处理,(1)不施肥的甘蔗对照(CK),(2)甘蔗常规施肥(SF),(3)80%的甘蔗常规施肥量(SF80%),(4)60%的甘蔗常规施肥量(SF60%),(5)甘蔗常规施肥+农家肥(SF+N).(SF+N)处理的甘蔗茎粗、株高、地上部干物质含量、生物产量、甘蔗产量、锤度、经济效益均最高,分别为33.93 mm、368.6 cm、82.78%、149.92 t/ha、139.58 t/ha、18.83BX、69 792.45元/hm2,与其它各处理相比,差异均达极显著水平;与SF处理相比,SF60%处理提高了N、P利用率,分别提高了4.87%、1.63%;与SF处理相比,(SF+N)处理提高P利用率42.04%,SF80%处理提高K利用率4.12%.(SF+N)处理的甘蔗产量和经济效益均最高.甘蔗K利用率最高的是SF80%处理,甘蔗N利用率最高的是SF60%处理.因此,在广西较肥沃的坡耕地上种植甘蔗,可以适当的减少化肥施用量,配施农家肥可以提高产量和经济效益,也能提高养分利用率.

An experiment in latosolic red soil on Guangxi slope was conducted to discover the effects of different fertilization treatments on nutrient use efficiency, sugarcane growth, single stem weight, biomass yield, stem yield, brix and profit, to seek a fertilization mode with low cost and high profit and nutrient use efficiency. Method Five treatments were designed as follows, （1）sugarcane without fertilizer （ CK）, （ 2 ） sugarcane with regular chemical fertilizer （ SF）, （ 3 ） sugarcane with 80% of regular chemical fertilizer amount（ SF80% ）, （4）sugarcane with 60% of regular chemical fertilizer amount （SF60%）, （5） sugarcane with regular chemical fertilizer and farmmanure （ SF ＋ N）. The sugarcane showed the greatest stem diameter, plant height, aboveground dry matter, biomass yield, stem yield, brix and profit in （ SF ＋ N） treatment,respectively with 23.93 mm, 368.6 cm, 82.78%, 149.92 t/ha, 139.58 t/ha, 18.83BX and 69 792. 45 Chinese yuan/ha, which were remarkably higher than those in other treatments. SF60% treatment brought about higher 4.87% P use efficiency and 1.63% K use efficiency than those in SF treatment. Higher 42.04% P use efficiency in （SF ＋ N）treatment and higher 4.12% K use efficiency in SF treatment were displayed than those in SF treatment. （ SF ＋ N） treatment showed highest sugarcane yield and profit. Highest K and N use efficiency occured in SF80% and SF60% treatments respectively. So reduced fertilization modes are feasible in fertile soil on Guangxi slope. Especially for （SF ＋ N ） mode, it can produce greater sugarcane yield and profit because of its properties with higher nutrients use efficiency.