不同有机物料对潮土微团粒分形特征和速效养分的影响

Effects of different organic materials on fractal features of micro aggregate and available nutrients in Chao soil

以河南省中低产区砂质潮土为对象,研究不同有机物料（豆秆、玉米秆、鸡粪和猪粪）还田处理对土壤微团粒结构分形和不同粒级有效养分质量分数的影响.结果表明：1）与不施有机物料处理相比,随有机物料添入量增加,0.1 ～0.053mm土壤粒级所占比例高于对照7％～13％,达到5％显著性差异水平;＜0.053 mm土壤粒级的质量分数相应小于对照处理.2）土壤分形维数在2.52～2.72之间,与0.1 ～0.053 mm土壤粒级质量分数存在极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.945;与＜0.053 mm土壤粒级存在极显著正相关,相关系数为0.981.随着从单施到混合配施的处理,有机物料改变微团粒结构的分配比例,分形维数变小.3）与对照相比,有机物料的加入均能使土壤以及各粒级的速效养分质量分数呈显著性增加.施入有机物料后,碱解氮、速效钾和速效磷的质量分数在0.1～0.053 mm土壤粒级中分别比对照提高了168％～528％、141％～1000％和16％ ～ 81％,在＜0.053 mm的粒级中分别比对照提高了13.4％ ～ 44％、17％ ～ 170％和21％ ～66％.土壤碱解氮质量分数表现为秸秆施用（73.1 mg/kg）＞秸秆与粪肥双倍混合施用（69.3 mg/kg）＞秸秆与粪肥单倍施用、猪粪施用（63.0 mg/kg）＞鸡粪施用（59 mg/kg）＞对照（49.9 mg/kg）;速效钾质量分数表现为豆秆施用（140 mg/kg）＞秸秆与粪肥双倍混合施用、玉米秆施（120 mg/kg）＞秸秆与粪肥单倍施用（86.5 mg/kg）＞粪肥施用（76.8 mg/kg）＞对照（56.5 mg/kg）;有效磷质量分数表现为玉米秸秆（40.9 mg/kg）＞粪肥处理、秸秆与粪肥混合处理（35.91 mg/kg）＞豆秆处理（30 mg/kg）＞对照（26.8 mg/kg）;土壤总养分质量分数表现为豆32和玉32处理（259 mg/kg）＞秸秆与粪肥倍量处理及豆16处理（225 mg/kg）＞玉16处理（210 mg/kg）＞秸秆与粪肥单倍量和猪8处理（191 mg/kg）＞鸡粪处理（173 mg/kg）＞猪4处理（161 mg/kg）＞对照处理（133 mg/kg）.总之,施用有机物料处理砂质潮土,无论是不同粒级的养分质量分数还是土壤的速效养分质量分数均得以提高.

Fractal features of micro aggregate and available nutrients in Chao soil were studied by mixing organic materials （bean stalk,corn stalk,chicken manure and pig manure） into the soil samples on low-yield fields in Henan Province.The results indicated that：1） The mass fraction of 0.1-0.053 mm soil particles was 7％-13％ higher than the CK treatment with the increase of added organic materials,and reached the level of significant difference ; correspondingly the mass fraction of soil particles less than 0.053 mm size was lower than the CK treatment.2） Fractal dimension of soil particles ranged between 2.52 and 2.72 by the fractal model,and it had a very significantly negative correlation with the mass fraction of soil particles with 0.1-0.053 mm size （R =-0.945） and a very significantly positive correlation with soil particles with the size less than 0.053 mm （R =0.981）.Distribution of micro aggregates was changed with the transition from the single application to the mixed treatment of stalk and manure,and the fractal dimension decreased.3） Compared with the CK treatment,the mass fractions of the available nutrients in the different particle sizes and in the soil itself were significantly increased with the addition of organic materials.The mass fractions of available nitrogen,potassium and phosphorus increased by 168％-528％,141％-1000％ and 16％-81％ compared with the CK treatment in 0.1-0.053 mm size soil particles,and 13.4％-44％,17％-170％ and 21％-66％ compared with the CK treatment in soil particles less than 0.053 mm,respectively.The mass fractions of available nitrogen was in the order as the application of stalk （73.1 mg/kg） ＞ application of double mixture of stalk and manure （69.3 mg/kg） ＞ application of mixture of stalk and manure,application of pig manure （63.0 mg/kg） ＞ application of chicken manure （59 mg/kg） ＞ the CK treatment （49.9 mg/kg）,and that of available potassium was in the order of the application of the bean stalk （140 mg/kg） ＞ application of double mixture of stalk and manure,and corn stalk （120 mg/kg） ＞ application of mixture of stalk and manure （86.5 mg/kg） ＞application of manure （76.8 mg/kg） ＞the CK treatment （56.5 mg/kg）,that of available phosphorus in the order of application of corn stalk （40.9 mg/kg） ＞ application of manure and application of mixture of stalk and manure （35.91 mg/kg） ＞ application of bean stalk （30 mg/kg） ＞ the CK treatment （26.8 mg/kg）,and that of total soil nutrients was in the order of bean 32 treatment and corn 32 treatment （259 mg/kg） ＞ application of double mixture of stalk and manure and bean16 treatment （225 mg/kg） ＞ corn 16 treatment （210 mg/kg） ＞ application of mixture of stalk and manure and pig manure 8 treatment （191 mg/kg） ＞ chicken manure treatment （191 mg/kg） ＞ pig manure 4 treatment （161 mg/kg） ＞ the CK treatment （133 mg/kg）.In brief,both the mass fractions of the nutrient of different sizes and the soil itself were increased by adding organic materials into sandy soil.