“四心”圆融之境:丰子恺审美理想论

The State of Harmony Constituted by Four Hearts on Feng Zikai's Aesthetic Ideal

对丰子恺的审美观的认识,需要放在现实?艺术?宗教的"三层楼"的比喻中。现实层是基础,亦是最终旨归,艺术层兼有本体意义与枢纽作用双重身份,宗教层是至高境界,对下具有精神引领的作用。丰子恺认为,对"真"的最深刻的揭示惟有宗教能够担当;"善"是佛教之慈悲与儒家之仁的结合;"美"包含与内容无涉的形式之美以及以真善为底子的精神之美,后者高于前者,精神之美具有佛教的蕴涵。艺术心与宗教心相沟通,同时还与仁心、童心相沟通,"四心"相通达至圆融之境,构成了丰子恺独特的审美理想。

If we want to understand Feng Zikai＇s aesthetic view,we need understand the metaphor of the “three-story building”about reality,art and religion.The layer of reality is the foundation and the ultimate purport;the layer of art has double identities of ontological significance and pivotal role;and the layer of religion is the highest state and has spiritual leading meaning to the below layers.Feng Zi-kai considers only religion can reveal the most profound meaning of “the true”.“The good”is a com-bination of compassion of Buddhism and Confucian benevolence.“The beautiful”contains the beauty of the form which has nothing to do with the content and the beauty of the spirit which is based on “the true“and “the good”.The latter is higher than the former.The beauty of spirit has the implication of Buddhism.The heart of art is associated with the heart of religion.At the same time the heart of art is associated with the heart of benevolence and the heart of childlike innocence.The four hearts are inter-linked with each other to the state of harmony,which constitutes Feng Zikai＇s unique aesthetic ideal.