苹果栽培模式技术经济评价

Evaluation on Apple Cultivation Patterns

以山西、陕西、甘肃3省2009～2011年连续3年调研资料和固定样地跟踪调查数据为依据，用C -D生产函数对两种栽培模式的建园成本、投入成本结构、产出结构、要素密集度、要素弹性与规模收益以及科技贡献率等几个方面，进行对比分析与技术经济评价。结果表明，矮砧密植集约栽培模式在同等条件下，单位面积（亩）的优果（1、2级优果）率比乔砧密植栽培模式提高35％，可变资本投入虽然比较乔砧密植栽培模式高，但劳动投入节约31．27％，净收益是乔砧密植栽培模式的1．86倍，投入产出比是乔砧密植栽培模式的1．5倍，科学技术贡献率达到63．38％。矮砧密植集约栽培模式具有节约劳动投入与土地资源的显著优势，但资本投入是充分发挥其技术优势的瓶颈，配套技术协同发展是矮砧密植集约栽培模式推广的关键。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the advantages and limiting factors of high-density dwarfing rootstock apple cultivation pattern （HDDRCP） ,and to put forward some countermeasures for its promotion ,by comparing the technical and economic benefits from HDDRCP and high-density vigorous stock cultivation pattern （HDVSCP） .The Cobb-Douglas production function is applied to analyze the orchard construction cost ,cost struc-ture ,output structure ,intensity and elasticity of production factors ,return to scale ,and contribution rate of sci-ence ＆amp; technology etc .,and to evaluate the technical and economic benefits from above 2 patterns ,using collected documents and surveys data of sample plots in Shanxi ,Shaanxi and Gansu provinces from 2009 to 2011 .The re-sults show that the ratio of high-grade fruit （grade-1 and grade-2） in HDDRCP is 35% higher than HDVSCP .La-bor input in HDDRCP decreases by 31 .27% ,and net income is 1 .86 times of HDVSCP ,w hile variable cost is higher in HDDRCP .The output-input ratio of HDDRCP is 1 .5 times of HDVSCP .And the contribution rate of science ＆amp; technology in HDDRCP is up to 63 .38% .HDDRCP has a significant advantage of saving labor and land input ,but capital input is a critical limiting factor for its promotion .The development of supporting technologies would be a key factor to promote HDDRCP ,too .