贫困地区农户生计安全研究

Livelihood Security of Peasant Households in Poverty-stricken Areas

农户生计安全是农村社会可持续发展的微观基础,当农户获得持续谋生的资产、收入和能力,并维持福利水平接近或达到社会公认的客观保障条件,具有抵御风险的能力并传递给下一代时,安全的生计由此获得。生计安全为农村减贫和生态环境保护等农村发展问题提供了一种研究途径。贫困地区农户的生计困境表现在固有生计遭到破坏、替代生计尚未成熟,生态环境保护政策与农民短期经济利益冲突,低水平均衡陷阱等方面。由于难以走出贫困农户生计与脆弱的生态环境的恶性循环,农户无法实现生计安全。因此应建立农户生计安全评价体系,促进农户生计系统与生态系统的良性耦合,进而实现农业与农村社会的可持续发展。

The livelihood security of peasant households is the rural microeconomic foundation of sustainable development .T he safe livelihood can be gained w hen a peasant household obtains assets ,income and capabilities to sustain livelihood ,and maintain a welfare standard that closes to attains the objective security requisites recognized by society ,as well as an ability to withstand risks and hand on to the next generation at the same time .Livelihood security provides a kind of research approach about poverty eradication and ecological environment protection .In poor areas the living predicament shows in many respects ,such as the existing livelihood was being destroyed while the substitution of subsistence has yet to be fully realized ,the conflicts between ecological environment protection and short-term interests of peasant households ,and the low level balance trap ,etc .The livelihood security of peasant households can not be achieved because of the vicious circle between poor peasant households＇livelihood and vulnerable ecological environment .Combined with the reality ,we should establish an evaluation system for the livelihood security of peasant households ,to promote the benign coupling between the peasant household livelihood system and ecosystem ,and to realize the sustainable development between agriculture and rural area .