仪式歌舞与戏剧实践:阿吉拉姆的诞生

Ritual Dance and Theatrical Practice:The Birth of Ache Lhamo

很多研究者都将西藏传统戏剧阿吉拉姆的起源归于佛教仪式,甚至在阿吉拉姆和藏传佛教仪式"羌姆"表演之间寻找某种嫡传关系。笔者以为阿吉拉姆诞生虽然始于汤东杰布的戏剧实践,然而其起源有着更久远的背景和传统,甚至可以追溯至前佛教时期的仪式歌舞或民间祭祀活动。通过对阿吉拉姆表演中第一段"温巴顿"的观察和分析,可以窥见阿吉拉姆的起源、演变及正式诞生的过程。

Many researchers tend to regard Buddhist ceremonies as the origin of traditional Tibetan drama Ache Lhamo,and even were trying to look for a sort of close paternal relations between Ache Lhamo and a Tibetan Buddhist ritual ＂vcham＂. I would like to argue that Ache Lhamo was born in the theatrical practice of thang stong rgyal po though its origin has a remoter background as well as tradition, which can even be traced back to the ritual dance or the folk sacrificial ceremony in the early history of Tibetan Buddhism. By observing and analysing ＂rngon pa vdon＂ ,the beginning show of Ache Lhamo, this article attempts to illustrate a relatively whole process of how Ache Lhamo originated,evolved and ultimately came out.