我国小微企业融资状况

Finance of Small and Micro Enterprises in China

小微企业在国民经济发展、就业问题解决、城镇化推进、区域差距缩小等方面有着重要作用,但是在其发展中资金不足是面临的主要约束。尽管资料显示我国新增贷款52.5%贷给了中小企业,而小企业只获得了8.5%,微型企业的份额则更低。我国小微企业融资现状表现为:内源性融资是首选融资方式;银行体系是小微企业外源融资的主要渠道;多层次的股票市场体系对小微企业的服务相当有限;创投等私募股权投资是小微企业股权资本的重要来源;小微企业一定程度上依赖非正规借贷渠道;小微企业融资结构性矛盾突出。小微企业融资难的原因主要包括:小微企业自身障碍、信息不对称、金融结构不平衡、信用体系建设仍处于起步阶段。

Small and micro enterprises play an important role in national economic development, employment problem solving, propulsion of urbanization and the shrinking of regional gap. But in the insufficient fund is the main problem that constraints their development. Although the data shows that 52.5% of the new loans are given to the small and medium-sized enterprises, the small businesses only got 8.5% of it, while that of the micro ones even lower than it. The finance of small and micro enterprises is characterized by its preferred way of endogenous financing, dependence on the banks as the main channel in its financing, limited services from the multi-level stock market system, venture capital and private equity investment as its important source of equity capital, dependence on informal lending channels to some extent and obvious contradiction in financing structure. The reasons of the difficult financing of them mainly include the obstacles of themselves, asymmetric information, unbalanced financial structure and the immature credit system.