基于体育锻炼的阶段变化模型干预对肥胖小学生自我效能、自尊及体重影响的研究

Research Based on the Effect of Trans-theoretical Model Intervention of Physical Exercise on pupil's Self-efficiency,Self-esteem and Weight

以阶段变化理论模型（TTM）为基础,采用类试验研究法对随机抽取的4-6年级34名肥胖小学生为试验对象,对其自我效能、自尊水平及BMI值运用变化阶段量表、自我效能量表、自尊量表进行基线调查与评估（T0）并依据此结果实施基于体育锻炼的TTM模型干预,并在指导干预后的第1个月（T1）、第3个月（T3）及第6个月（T6）测量试验对象的自我效能、自尊及BMI值。结果：肥胖小学生从T0-T6时间点的自我效能及自尊在不断增加;自我效能除T1与T0相比不具统计学意义,其余时间点的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;自尊水平仅在T6与T0、T6与T1相比显示有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;试验对象随着锻炼行为不同阶段的向前推进,其自我效能及自尊水平逐渐提升,且不同阶段多重比较具有显著性差异;不同时间点和不同阶段的BMI值有一定幅度的下降,但不具统计学意义。结论：基于体育锻炼的TTM较长时间干预能够有效提高肥胖儿童的自我效能及自尊水平,强化其锻炼动机,使其控制体重和心理健康朝向良心循环发展。

This paper is based on the Trans-theoretical model and adopts quasi-experimental design. In the study,34 pupils from grade 4 to grade 6 in elementary school were randomly chosen as research subjects. They were supposed to be investigated and evaluated on the baseline（T0）in terms of self-efficiency,self-esteem level and BMI data,in which stage of change scale,self-efficiency scale and self-esteem scale were used. According to this result,physical exercise model of TTM exercise intervention would be carried out. After the intervention,all the subjects’ self efficiency,self-esteem and BMI data were measured after 1 month（T1）,3 months（T3）,and 6 months（T6）respectively. The result indicated that the score of the subjects’ self-efficiency and self-esteem increased continuously from T0 to T6;compared with T0,except for T1,the score of self-efficiency is not statistically significant,the rest of the time points were significantly different after multiple comparison（P〈0.001）;with regard to self-esteem level,only T6 and T0,T6 and T1 were statistically significant by comparison（P〈0.05）;With the subjects’ exercise behavior moving forward at different stages,their self-efficiency and self-esteem level gradually promote,and the multiple comparisons at different stages were significantly different. Although the BMI data decreased in a certain degree at different time and stage,this change had not statistically significant. Conclusion：Relatively long-term intervention based on the Tran theoretical model of physical exercise can effectivelyhelp to promote pupil’s self-efficiency and self-esteem level,strengthening their motivation of exercise,and make their weight control and mental health develop towards a positive direction.