古希腊罗马:体育法制文明的先驱

Ancient Greece and Rome:the Pioneer of Civilization of Sports Law

体育法的历史和体育的历史同样久远。古希腊罗马时代是体育法制文明的先驱,出现了包括法律、传统和习惯的各类规制体育活动、体育比赛与体育生活的法律规范。古希腊是古代体育法的萌芽时期,各个希腊城邦参加奥运会的规矩、奥运会自身的比赛规则、城邦对体育行为的管理等分别构成了体育国际法、体育自治法和体育国内法最早的雏形。这一时期,体育法有多样性、体育性和实践性3大特点。在古罗马,尤其是优士丁尼时期,体育法得到了进一步的发展,立法者将体育法融入罗马市民法,规定了体育不同于娱乐的特殊地位和运动员的特别法律身份。与古希腊相比,古罗马的体育法在形式上较为单一,主要以体育国内法为主,但展现了较高的立法技术,具有早期的军事性、后期的娱乐性和全面的社会性特征。研究表明:(1)古代体育法客观存在,并经历了从萌芽到发达的过程;(2)古代体育法具有厚重的历史基础,它们是历史地形成的;(3)以古希腊罗马体育法为代表的古代体育法制文明奠定了现代体育法的论域基础。

ports law has the same history as long as sports. Ancient Greece and Rome are pioneers of ancient civilization in sports law,forming legal norms of rules,tradition and customs regulating sports activities and games and lives. Ancient Greece is the germination period of ancient sports law. Rules of attending Olympics for different states,inherent rules of Olympics and the management of sports activity inside the state formed the earliest sports state law,sports self-governing law and sport international law. In this period,sports law is characterized with diversity,sports-oriented and practice-centered. Ancient Rome,especially the Justinian time,is the further-developing period of ancient sports law,which went into civil legal system,regulating the different legal position of sports from entertainment and the special status of athletes. Compared with ancient Greece,Roman sports law was mainly state law but with highly developed legal technology. It was characterized with military feather in the early time and entertaining feather in the late time and wholly socialized during the whole period. In conclusion,firstly,it is obvious that ancient sports law existed in ancient time and experienced the process from the primitiveness to development; secondly,ancient sports law had deep historical foundation and was formed in history; thirdly,ancient sports law also founded the sphere of modern sports law.