社会服务的价值意涵和制度模型构建——基于平等机会与多样性的研究路径

Value Implication Analysis and Institutional Model Construction of Social Service——An “Equal Opportunities and Diversity” Research Approach

通过对社会服务价值意涵和国内外社会服务实践过程的检视,我们可以看到两者间存在着不同程度的"背反"。比如,社会服务的价值理念与项目化供给之间存在一系列价值伦理冲突;在社会服务政策制定与供给过程中始终存在着各机构间利益诉求重叠、冲突与断裂的问题,导致社会服务体系脆弱、不稳定;许多社会服务机构存在公益腐败与治理失败。沿着平等机会和多样性的研究路径,我们可以构建一种新的社会服务制度模型。据此,我们可以在人口结构与社会不利因素经验证据的基础上,同时利用数据统计和交叉分析的方法,获得一个更为清晰的观察视角,依据多样性的需求评估来提供相应的社会服务,最终推动社会平等政策议程的转换。这也是破解社会服务价值意涵与行为模式之间沟壑,避免落入"服务失败"陷阱的一项有益探索。

Along with the prominence of social problems and social conflicts, social service which is different from the general public service, is gradually becoming an independent research object as well as a distinctive perspective to be studied in recent years. Based on a sound literature review, this article analyzes the value implication of social service in the context of China and western countries. The paradoxes between the idea and practice of social service are also discussed within the two different backgrounds. Finally, an ＂equal opportunities and diversity＂ approach to construct a new value system and an institutional model of social service are explored.