满族形成和发展过程中的皇太极教育思想研究

A Study on Huang Taiji's Educational Ideas in the Formation and Development of Manchu Ethnic Group

皇太极继承后金汗位后采取了一系列"文治"措施强化其统治,为满洲共同体的形成和发展奠定了坚实基础。他优待并重用满、蒙、汉等民族的知识分子。他加强文化建设,下令完善老满文,使之更便于使用;大力推行教育,规定满洲贵族子弟入学年龄,强制其入学读书,以使其"忠君亲上",提高素质;开科取士,培养官吏;制定"国语骑射"教育政策,以保护本民族文化。他建章立制,教化百姓,严禁赌博,劝导戒烟、戒酒,禁止乱伦婚。他遵守传统,信奉萨满教,以开放的胸怀接纳藏传佛教,同时严厉打击邪教,惩处不法僧侣及巫觋,使新生不久的满洲共同体形成了较为统一的信仰。

After Huang Taiji came into power, he adopted a series of political measures to strengthen his rule which laid a solid foundation for the formation and development of Manchurian community. He put Manchu, Mongolian and Han intellectuals in important positions, enhanced cultural construction, and ordered to improve old Manchu language to make it easy to use. He promoted education by fixing the school age of Manchu noble children to force them to go to school and teaching them to be loyal to emperor and parents in order to improve their quality. He enlisted talents through the old civil service examination and trained officials. He carried out the educational policy of learning Manchu language, horsemanship and archery to protect Manchu culture. He established rules and regulations to forbid gambling and incestuous marriage and educated people to give up smoking and drinking. He observed tradition, believed in Shamanism and accepted Tibetan Buddhism with an open mind. At the same time, he forcefully cracked down cult and punished illegal monks and wizards. By doing so, he unified religious belief in the newly formed Manchu community.