中国大型基础设施项目社会影响评价指标体系构建

Index System for Social Impact Assessment of Large Scale Infrastructure Projects in China

中国大型基础设施虽然总量上有了较大增长,但往往重数量轻质量,忽视与人口、经济及社会发展相适应,所带来的资源短缺、环境污染和公共安全等问题日益突出。大型基础设施项目社会影响评价是规避社会风险,保证项目、工程、投资甚至相关政策顺利实施的有效手段,规范实用的指标体系是有效评价的基本前提。本文分析大型基础设施的内涵及其社会影响,基于中国国情特征,确定包含61个主要指标的大型基础设施项目社会影响评价初始指标集。结合调查问卷分析,通过临界比值检验和同质性检验将初始指标集修正为46个指标,经过7轮探索性因子分析,将指标集精炼为包含27个指标的指标体系,包括个人与家庭、政治与社会结构、项目的直接影响、公共资源、生态环境、社会适应性,以及社区与基础设施等7个类别。系数检验显示:总问卷与各个因子均通过信度检验;结构方程模型拟合指数满足适配标准,表明问卷结果结构效度良好,所建立的指标体系是科学有效的。

China＇s large-scale infrastructures have greatly increased in the amount, however, more emphasis lies in quantity rather than quality, and the adaptability between the infrastructures and the demographic, economic and social development is usually neglected. As a result, the problems such as resource shortage, environmental pollution and public safety, are becoming more and more prominent. Social impact assessment for large-scale infrastructure projects could avoid social risk effectively, and is an essential measure to implement the engineering, investment and even the policy relevant with the projects. The basic premise for effective evaluation is the standardized and practical indicator system. The paper analyzed the fundamental connotation and the social impact of large-scale infrastructures, and proposed the initial index set for social impact assessment, including 61 indices. Based on questionnaire analysis, the initial index set was modified to 46 indices through critical ratio test and homogeneity test. Then, we run seven exploratory factor analysis, and refined the index set to 27 indices, covering individuals and families, political and social structures, the project＇ s direct impact, public resources, ecological environment, social adaptation, as well as community and infrastructure. The coefficient test showed that overall questionnaire and each factor both passed the reliability test; structural equation model fitting indices can meet the standard adapter. The results indicate the good construct validity of the questionnaire results, and the effectiveness of the proposed index system.