组织规模与收入差异——1996-2006年的中国城镇社会

Organization Size and Income Inequality in Urban China:1996-2006

本文将社会分层研究对组织规模与工资收入关系的分析,从成熟的市场经济体延伸至转型中的中国社会。本研究通过对1996年和2006年两个时点的数据分析发现,在中国城镇社会,组织规模对工资收入的影响,于这10年间几乎翻了一番。更重要的是,个人和组织两个层次的特征对这一关系的解释力是此消彼长的:1996年,个人特征不能解释这一关系,组织特征却能解释;但在2006年,组织特征不能解释这一关系,个人特征却能解释。这可以由此时期劳动力流动的增长和再分配机制的衰弱来解释,反映了中国城镇劳动力市场的发展正趋近于市场经济国家的典型情形。

A well-documented finding in social stratification research is that employees in larger work organizations earn more than those in smaller ones.This research first extends the institutional context of this topic from the typical market economy to transitional China.Mainly using two sets of nationally representative survey data,the research examines the changing pattern of size-earnings relation from 1996 to 2006.Results show that a significant size-earnings premium also exists in urban China and it doubled during this 10-year period.Moreover,individual and organizational characteristics played contrasting roles in explaining the observed size-earnings relationship.Specifically,individual characteristics had no impact on the size effect in1996 but did reduce it in 2006;on the contrary,organizational characteristics partly explain the size effect in 1996 but not in 2006.These findings are explained as the results of increasing labor mobility and a declining redistributive mechanism during this period,thus suggesting the development of China's urban labor market.