菲美特殊关系与马卡帕加尔民族主义外交

Filipino-American Special Relation and Macapagal's Nationalism Foreign Policy

进入20世纪60年代以后,菲律宾国内外政治环境的变化开始冲击牢固的菲美特殊关系基石。1962年马卡帕加尔总统上台后,发起了以"亚洲办法解决亚洲问题"的民族主义外交改革运动,企图借助沙巴领土争端和马菲印多提升菲律宾的独立形象和国际地位。但是,此时的菲律宾民族主义政治力量仍然难以撼动根深蒂固的菲美特殊关系。当印马对抗加剧、美国态度转为强硬后,马卡帕加尔政府又急于重回特殊关系的轨道。马卡帕加尔的民族主义外交运动是菲律宾外交"去特殊化"的第一次尝试,对后来的菲美关系产生了深远的影响。

In 1960 s,the drastic changes in the domestic and international political environment in the Philippines began to impact Filipino-American＇s special relationship. During Macapagal administration,Macapagal launched a nationalism foreign policy reform called ＂Asian Solutions to Asian Problems＂,which was based on Sabah Dispute and Maphilindo movement to improve the Philippine＇s independent image and international status. However,Filipino nationalist power was not strong to shake the rooted＂Special Relation＂. After Indo-Malay Konfrontasi had aggravated and U. S. attitude turned to be hard,Macapagal administration came back to the special relationship track in a hurry. Macapagal＇s nationalism foreign policy reform was the first try for despecialization between PH-AM relations.