高水平女子足球裁判员比赛行为活动特征研究

Activity Profile and Physiological Demands of Top-class Woman Soccer Referees

采用time-motion分析方法对21场女子足球国际赛事裁判员的活动行为特征进行了分析。结果显示,女子足球裁判员一场比赛的跑动距离为9 278±942m,跑动次数约为1 246±234次,其中,高强度跑动时间比例超过15%。下半场的跑动距离较上半场下降(P<0.01),高强度跑动距离与后退跑跑动距离也显著下降(P<0.01,P<0.01),高强度跑动距离的下降主要与第1个15min与第3个15min有关,后退跑跑动距离的下降与第1、2、3个15min均有关系。裁判员在判罚犯规时,距离事件地点为15.83±6.37m,该值在下半场的左侧进攻区域显著增大(P<0.01),增大原因主要与下半场第1、3个15min有关。结果表明,女子足球裁判员的供能是以有氧供能为主,无氧供能穿插其中的模式;高强度跑动能力在比赛中或比赛末期均会出现下降;体能的下降导致下半场在左侧进攻区域判罚时,距离事件发生地点的长度增大。

To examine the activity profile and physiological demands of top-class women referees,time-motion analysis was used to assess the work-rate of 21 referees during 21 matches.Total distance covered was 9278±942m,of which exceed 15% was high-intensity running.The frequencies of activities was 1 246±234times.The distance covered in the second half was decreased than in the first half（P〈0.01）,high-intensity running and moving backwards were shorted than in the first 45 min.In fact,the decrease of high-intensity running distance mainly due to decrease of the first and the third 15-min in the second half,the decrease of moving backwards mainly due to decrease of each 15-min.Distance of referee from infringement was 15.83±6.37 m.It increased in the left attacking zone of field in the second half（P〈0.01）because the increase of distance from infringement in the first and third 15-min.Together the results,it indicated that top-class women referees have significant aerobic energy expenditure throughout a game and episodes of considerable anaerobic energy turnover;the ability to perform high-intensity running was reduced during and in the end of matches;the fatigue referees experienced increase the distance from infringement in attacking zoon of field.