基于经济联系强度和区域断裂点的拉萨-日喀则城市互动发展分析

An Analysis of the Interactive Development between Lhasa and Shigatse from the Perspective of the Intensity of their Economic Contact and Regional Breaking Point

拉萨和日喀则分别是西藏第一和第二大的城市,在西藏经济发展中具有重要地位。利用经济联系强度和区域影响断裂点两个分析工具对近年来拉萨、日喀则的经济数据进行分析可知,拉萨-日喀则两市之间的经济联系强度以平均每年20%左右的速率增加,而两市之间的断裂点出现在距拉萨191.27km～217.75km附近。因此,加快西藏自治区的城市化建设,应注重保持和加强拉萨-日喀则两市的经济联系强度,以及重点扶持断裂点附近县市经济发展。

In the Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa and Shigatse are the two core cities in the region＇ s development,and they play a leading role for the development of other counties and cities. From the perspective of research on urban agglomeration and urban geography,the two cities have a relationship of interactive contact and common development. Within the context of rapid urbanization in China,the interactive development between Lhasa and Shigatse has become an inevitable research focus for the socio-economic construction of Tibet.The intensity of economic contact is used to measure the degree of regional economic ties. On the one hand,it can reflect the city＇ s economic center ability to radiate out to the surrounding areas. On the other hand,it can also reflect the level of acceptance of the surrounding areas to the city ＇ s economic center ability to radiate out to them. According to the results of economic calculation,the intensity of economic contact between Lhasa and Shigatse from 2007 to 2011 steadily increased with an annual rate of about 20%. The continuous increase of the intensity of economic contact also meant that the influence of Lhasa and Shigatse on the surrounding cities is expanding.Moreover,comparative data show that due to restrictions on the population and level of economic development,there is still a big gap in Lhasa and Shigatse if compared with other urbanized areas in China. However,regarding the increasing speed of the intensity of contact with other core cities,Lhasa and Shigatse have achieved remarkable a-chievements.During the 1930＇ s,William J. Reilly proposed the Law of Retail Gravitation which was used by P. D. Converse in the field of urban management to differentiate the scope of influence of neighboring cities. In 1949,he put forward the concept of ＂Breaking Point＂ together with a relevant computational formula. The Breaking Point is normally determined by the scale of two cities and the distance between them. According to the calculation results from the relevant data and computational formula,the Breaking Point（ 2011） between Lhasa and Shigatse is in the area which is about 191. 27 km ～ 217. 75 km away from Lhasa,i.e. the area which is about 62. 25 km ～ 88. 73 km away from Shigatse. In other words,the Breaking Point is somewhat to the east of Shigatse,and is close to Nianmu township and Lianxiang township.Based on the situation that there are no other big cities in the surrounding areas of Lhasa and Shigatse,and taking the Breaking Point as the orthocenter,by drawing a vertical line from Lhasa to Shigatse,we can extend the Breaking Point to a＂Belt＂. This also has a ＂breaking point feature＂（ where the influence of Lhasa and Shigatse is weak）. The main area involved is Tumujia area within Nanmu County.As centers of regions,cities do not exist in isolation. Cities play interactive roles and have influence on their surrounding regions. Through transportation, communication, etc., there are exchanges between cities, including human,goods,services,information,technology and fi-nancial resources. This kind of interaction between the urban areas creates an organic whole within the region. The interaction between cities not only promotes the development of the surrounding areas,but also promotes the development of the whole area. Lhasa and Shigatse have long been core cities of Tibet Autonomous Region in the Qinghai-Tibet high plateau of western China. They occupy an important position in the development strategies,such as the development of the Tibetan economy and building a harmonious society. Despite their significant differences with other cities in China,which includes geographical location,natural conditions,ethnic culture and industrial economic development,and despite the existence of a certain degree of adverse effects,we firmly believe that with the deepening of China＇ s urbanization process,the continuous development of national economy and technology,the opening up of the Qinghai-Tibet railway,as well as the further integration of culture, Lhasa and Shigatse ＇ s leading role in the urbanization development of Tibet will be more and more prominent. And,the interactive relationship between the two cities will become closer and closer.Moreover,in accordance with the theory of＂Breaking Point＂,there is a breaking point between Lhasa and Shigatse. Judging from this Breaking Point,the influence of the two cities is relatively weak. Paying attention to the existence of the Breaking Point,and making clear the location of the Breaking Point,and then trying to handle the adverse effects of the Breaking Point is not only one of the key actions for strengthening the interaction and co-development of Lhasa and Shigatse,but also one of the feasible strategies for promoting theTibet Autonomous Region＇s overall urban interactive development to become more harmonious and reach a deeper level.