互联网企业独家交易行为的反垄断法分析

Analysis of Internet Enterprises' Exclusive Dealing Behaviors in Antitrust law

互联网领域大量涌现的独家交易行为可能触犯以公平、自由竞争为理念的反垄断法,并减损消费者的经济福利,因此,有必要对其进行反垄断法规制。由于立法的滞后以及理论研究的不足,对该类行为的事实判断与违法性认定均存在较多困境,制约了对该类行为的有效规制。借鉴后芝加哥学派的"反托拉斯理论",结合互联网行业的市场竞争特点,可以从行为主体和客观方面两个维度对该类行为进行事实判断:行为主体为具有市场支配地位的互联网企业,客观方面实施了反垄断法意义上的独家交易行为。基于该类行为对竞争的二重效应,建议适用合理原则进行违法性认定,综合考量行为目的、市场进入壁垒、技术创新、消费者福利、经济效率等因素。

A large number of exclusive dealing behaviors spewing in the field of Internet have hampered the fair and free competition order, harming the consumer welfare. Because of the lag of legislation and theoretical studies, there are many difficulties in the regulation of such behaviors. As a result, it is necessary to analyze these behaviors in antitrust law. After learning the antitrust theory of the Chicago School and following the prac- tical regulation way of the law enforcement agencies, we can analyze the facts and define the illegality. We can define the Internet enterprises＇ exclusive dealing behaviors from subjective and objective separately. It requires that actors have a dominant market position and these companies have really done the exclusive dealings in the sense of antitrust law. It＇ s suitable to employ the rule of reason to identify its illegality. Comprehensive consid- eration of the factors is need, such as behavioral intentions, market entry barriers, technical innovation, con- sumer welfare and economic efficiency and so on. When the behavior＇ s negative effects are greater than the positive effects, the behavior is illegal.