医疗损害鉴定一元化实证研究

Positive Study on the Unification of Medical Damage Appraisal

医疗损害鉴定二元化一直是医疗损害案件司法实践中的难题。法官在选择医学会还是司法鉴定机构进行鉴定时没有顺位偏好。在涉及医疗损害鉴定意见专业性与中立性评价中,法官优先考虑中立性。鉴于二者的痼疾,即医学会行业保护以及司法鉴定机构趋利性,重新整合相关资源成立唯一的医疗损害鉴定机构就成为了大多数法官对一元化制度建构的优先选择。一元化的关键是鉴定标准的一元化。立法部门或其他主管部门应制定医疗过错分类、因果关系判断及损伤参与度认定的统一标准,并对鉴定程序特别是听证程序和鉴定次数、鉴定专家库以及鉴定人员的准入进行一元化制度设计。

The dual system of medical damage appraisal is a conundrum in the judicial practice of medical damage cases. Judge has no preference in choosing the appraisal agency between the medical association and forensic appraisal agency. In evaluating the professionalism and neutrality concerning medical damage appraisal opinion, judges would like to give preference to the latter. Considering the professional protection of the medi- cal association and the profit-seeking of the appraisal agency, formulating a unified medical damage appraisal a- gency with a unified standard on the basis of resource integration shall be a preferential choice for the majority of judges, which is the core for the unified system. The unified standard on the classification of medical wrongs, cause and effect determination and damage relevance determination shall also be established. Mean- while, the appraisal procedure, especially the hearing procedure and appraisal times, experts pool and qualifi- cation shall be also unified.