我国学前教育成本分担现状与机制构建研究

Research on Current Situation and Cost Sharing Mechanism Construction in Preschool Education in China

学前教育成本分担需要遵循教育公平原则、收益原则和能力支付原则,据此可以确定政府、幼儿家庭和社会应当作为教育成本分担的主体。2006年以来我国政府承担的学前教育费用金额和比例都保持增长态势,在2010年国务院颁发《国务院关于当前发展学前教育的若干意见》之后更是快速增长,但幼儿家庭承担的教育费用增长比例更快,且远远超过国际平均水平。要解决"入园难、入园贵"的问题,政府应当逐步增加学前教育成本分担的比例,同时社会各界也应当承担起相应的责任。构建学前教育成本分担机制需要建立中央、省、县三级财政拨款体制,建立具有地域差异性与补偿性的成本分担模式,建立公平和普惠的资助体系,形成鼓励捐赠的社会氛围和优惠政策。

Costsharing of preschool education need to follow the education fairness principle ,benefit principle and the abilitytopay principle ,thus the government ,children’s family and society can be determined as the main education costsharing bodies .Since 2006 the amount and proportion of the cost w hich China’s government spend on preschool education maintain grow th , especially after the State Council issued“Several Opinions of the State Council on Current Development of Preschool Education” ,but the proportion of cost beard by children’s family grow s even faster and far more than the international average .Facing “kindergarten crunch” problem , the government should gradually increase the proportion of preschool education cost-sharing and the society should also assume corresponding responsibilities .Formulating the cost sharing mechanism need to establish the centralgovernmentprovincecounty three levels of financial allocation system ,establish a regional differences and compensatory cost sharing model ,establish fair and inclusive funding system ,encourage donation and provide preferential policies .