国家历史文化名城居民地方感差异研究——以福州市为例

Study of Differences of Citizens' Sense of Place in National Historical and Cultural City: Take Fuzhou as a Case

地方感是地方上"人地关系"互动的产物.国家历史文化名城是一个充满意义的地方,其保护与建设情况可通过城市居民的地方感差异表现集中反映出来.文章以福州市为例,分别从地方感维度结构和居民不同群体两个方面对福州城市居民的认知、情感和行为差异进行对比分析.研究结果表明:居民地方感综合表现积极,但在维度结构上表现出"行为维度的地方依赖感最强、认知维度的地方认同感其次、情感维度地方依恋感再次"的差异,在群体差异上表现出"本地居民强于外地居民、会讲福州话的本地居民强于不会讲福州话的本地居民、来自省内的外地居民强于来自省外的外地居民"的总体差异,同时在地方感各维度上表现出明显的群体差异特征.这说明居民赋予福州城市更多的是宜居宜业功能意义,而福州作为国家历史文化名城的历史文化价值和传统文化生活体验并未得到居民充分的感知和足够的心理认同、情感依恋.居民地方感表现差异研究为国家历史文化名城的保护、建设和管理工作提供了针对性的依据,具有一定的现实意义和参考价值.

The term sense of place is based on human-environment interaction theory. National historical and cultural city is a place full of meaning, its protection and construction can be epitomized by the performance of citizens＇ sense of place.This study takes Fuzhou as a case to compare the cognitive, emotional and behavioral differences of Fuzhou citizens fromtwo aspects of dimensional structure and different groups. The results show that： the overall performance of citizens＇ senseof place is positive, but in aspect of dimensional structure of sense of place, the sense of place dependence in the conativedimension is strongest, the sense of place identity in cognitive dimension ranks second, the sense of place attachment in affectice dimension is the weakest one. And in aspect of different groups, the performance of citizens＇ sense of place varies.Local residents are stronger than immigration residents, the local residents who speak Fuzhou dialect is stronger than the local residents who can＇t speak Fuzhou dialect, the immigration residents from Fujian province is stronger than the residentsfrom other provinces, meanwhile the performance of citizens＇ sense of place show significant differences among differentgroups in each dimension structure. This study shows that people put more emphasize on the significance of the function forliving and business of a city, and as a national historical and cultural city, its cultural values and traditional life experiencehas not been apperceived sufficiently, the psychological identity and emotional attachment is not sufficient as well. Researchon differences of citizens＇ sense of place have certain practical significance and reference value, it can provide conception for the protection, construction and management of national historical and cultural city.