福建山区稻田生态种养模式探讨

Analysis on ecological cultivation mode of raising fish,turtle,loach and crayfish in paddy fields of Fujian mountain area

为探索福建山区稻田生态种养技术,发展山区生态渔业,2013年将南平的邵武市、武夷山市、松溪县、光泽县及浦城县等五地分别作为稻鱼共作、稻鳖共作、稻鳅共作以及稻虾轮作等4种模式的稻田生态种养技术的示范,示范面积共73.33 hm2。结果表明,各示范点由于充分利用了稻田的生态效应,在不施用农药和渔药、减轻农业面源污染和稻谷产量不减的基础上,均产出了生态、健康的稻米与水产品。水稻单作模式的稻谷产量为495.7 kg/667m2,利润为439元/667m2;稻田生态种养模式的稻谷平均产量为517.2kg/667m2,水产品平均产量为60.6 kg/667m2,平均利润2 183元/667m2,增加了利润1744元/667m2,是水稻单作模式的5.0倍。稻鳖共作、稻鱼共作、稻虾轮作以及稻鳅共作四种稻田生态种养模式分别是水稻单作模式单位利润的34.7倍、5.0倍、3.4倍和1.7倍。稻鱼共作模式中武夷山示范点稻谷产量比水稻单种模式增加18.7%,平均利润是水稻单种模式的10.2倍。实践证明,新形势下的稻田生态种养模式对于确保粮食安全、发展生态高效的水产养殖业和种植业,有较好的借鉴意义。

In 2013,experiments on raising different aquatic animals including fish,turtle,loach and crayfish in paddy fields were carried on in Nanping city,mountain area of Fujian.Six test sites were established,the total area was 73.33 hm2.The result showed that,due to the ecological effect in paddy fields,the rice yield maintained steady,although six test sites didn＇t use pesticide and fishery medicine at the meanwhile.The rice yield of the traditional singular planting mode was 495.7 kg /667m2 and the unit profit was $ 439 /667m2,while the average yield of rice and aquatic animals of the ecological cultivation modes were 517.2 kg/667m2 and 60.6 kg /667m2 respectively,and the average profit was $ 2 183 /667m2,increasing $1744/667m2 compared with the traditional singular mode,5.0 times as much as the singular mode.Compared with the singular planting mode,the mode of rice- turtle symbiosis,rice- fish symbiosis,rice- crayfish rotation and rice- loach symbiosis were 34.7 times,5.0 times,3.4 times and 1.7 times respectively as much as the former.Among the paddy- fish cultivation mode,the average profit of Wuyi site was 10.2 times as much as the singular planting mode.In conclusion,the paddy ecological cultivation mode was a good example for developing ecological efficient aquaculture and rice faming.