基于HABITAT模型的生物栖息地评价——以泸沽湖宁蒗裂腹鱼为例

Ecological habitat assessment based on HABITAT Model-A case study of Schizothorax Yunnansis

裂腹鱼是中国西南部泸沽湖中特有的珍稀鱼类,模拟和研究裂腹鱼的栖息地环境对保护这种珍稀鱼类有着非常重要的意义。由于泸沽湖特殊的地理位置和旅游价值,其水质正遭受周边村落生活污水的持续污染,裂腹鱼的生存环境遭受严重的破坏。本文以宁蒗裂腹鱼为指示物种,结合水质模型预测的水质数据,利用基于HABITAT模型的生物栖息地评价方法,建立反映泸沽湖水质变化对泸沽湖宁蒗裂腹鱼生态栖息地环境影响程度的评价模型,研究结果和分析表明,当泸沽湖中水污染物浓度未超过裂腹鱼生存阈值时,裂腹鱼能够获得更多的营养物质,适宜的栖息地面积增大;当污染物浓度超过生存阈值时,将造成裂腹鱼中毒,甚至致死,不适宜的栖息地面积增加。

Schizothorax Yunnansis is a unique fish species only existing in Lugu Lake,which is located in the southwestern China. The simulation and research on Schizothorax Yunnansis habitat environment had a vital significance to protect this rare fish. With the development of the tourism industry,there brings more pressure on the environmental protection. The living environment of Schizothorax Yunnansis was destroyed seriously because the water quality was suffering the sustaining pollution of domestic sewage from the peripheral villages. This paper analyzed the relationship between water quality change and Schizothorax Yunnansis ecological habitat and evaluted Schizothorax Yunnansis＇ s ecological habitat impact based on HABITAT model. The results showed that when the TP concentration in Lugu Lake did not exceed Schizothorax Yunnansis＇ s survival threshold,Schizothorax Yunnansis can get more nutrients and the suitable habitat area for itself was increased. Conversely,it can lead to TP toxicity in the Schizothorax Yunnansis and even death. Therefore,unsuitable habitat area for Schizothorax Yunnansis was increased. It can be seen from the results that HABITAT model can assist in ecological impact assessment studies by translating results of hydrological,water quality models into effects on the natural environment and human society.