微波无线输能技术研究进展与系统设计

Research Progress in Microwave Wireless Power Transmission Technologies and System Efficiency Evaluation

微波无线输能(microwave wireless power transmission,MPT)技术应用于不易获取直流电能的场合,是研制太阳能卫星、近空间飞行器的关键技术,也可应用于无线传感器网络节点供能及环境低微微波能量的回收.比较了微带线型和共面带状线型2种典型整流天线的单元和阵列性能,提出了对接收天线和整流电路的要求;以获得最大微波波束捕获效率为目标,分析了发射天线拓扑结构及高斯削尖口径电平分布.在研究以上关键技术的基础上设计了一套C波段微波输能系统,该系统从发射端到接收端的直流-直流效率为35%.最后指出了微波无线输能技术存在的问题和未来发展方向.

Microwave wireless power transmission （MPT） are the key technology of solar power satellite and aircraft in near space, it could also be applied in charging the wireless sensors and harvesting the ambient electromagnetic power. After comparing the microstrip and coplanar waveguide rectenna element and arrays, the demands on receiving antennas and rectifying circuits are summarized. The topological models and truncated Gauss aperture level distribution of the transmitting antenna are analyzed to obtain the maximum microwave beam capture efficiency. Based on above key technique, a C-band MPT system is designed and 35% dc-dc （direct current-direct current） efficiency is evaluated. The remaining problems and the development of MPT technology are discussed at the end.