不同添加剂堆肥处理基质对勋章菊生长的影响

Effects of Compost with Different Exogenous Additives on Growth of Gazania sunshine

采用不同外源添加剂对园林绿化废弃物进行堆肥预处理，并与泥炭混配作为勋章菊栽培基质，从植株生物量、观赏形态建成、根系生长以及植株养分累积几个方面研究堆肥期间不同外源添加剂对堆肥产物栽培应用的影响，为堆肥生产提供更切实的参考指标。结果表明，与无添加处理（CK）相比，单独添加腐殖酸（T1）、混合添加腐殖酸及 EM 菌剂（T2）以及混合添加腐殖酸与京圃园菌剂（T3）均能够明显增加勋章菊的生物量、叶片数、株高、花枝数，提早开花3～5 d，延长花期4～9 d，提高勋章菊观赏价值。添加外源添加剂能够促进植株根系发育，尤其是须根生长，腐殖酸与菌剂混施具有良好协同作用，与 CK 相比，T2、T3处理根长增幅达到76.9％～77.6％，根尖数增幅达到106％～171％。对比花后阶段养分累积情况，氮元素含量表现为：T1＞T2＞T3＞CK，磷元素含量：T2＞T3＞CK＞T1，钾元素含量：T2＞T3＞CK＞T1。总体而言，堆肥过程中添加的外源添加剂在植物栽培生长阶段仍持续发挥作用，促进植株地上、地下部分生长以及养分累积，复合菌剂与腐殖酸混施具有良好协同作用，更适合园林废弃物堆肥基质生产。

The compost of green waste with different exogenous additives were mixed with peat to take as growing media of Gazania sunshine .The biomass,plant morphology,root and nutrient were measured to study the effect of compost with different exogenous additives on growth of Gazania sunshine .The result indicated that compared to the treatment without exogenous additives（CK）,the treatment with humic acid（T1）,effective microorganisms＋humic acid（T2）, Jingpuyuan microbial agent＋ humic acid（T3）all could increase the biomass,height,number of leaves and flowers,flower 3-5 days earlier and extend the flowering period 4-9 days,improve the ornamental value of Gazania sunshine .Exogenous additives could promote root growth, especially fibrous root,and the application of microbial agent and humic acid together had good synergistic action,T2,T3 could increase root length by 76.9%-77.6% and increase root number by 106%-171% compared with CK.After flowering,nitrogen accumulation showed T1〉T2〉T3〉CK,phosphorus accumulation showed T2〉T3 〉CK〉T1,potassium accumulation showed T2〉T3〉CK〉T1.Sum up,the application of exogenous additives in compost could promote the plant growth and nutrient accumulation,and the microbial agent had good synergistic action with humic acid,they were suitable for green waste composting.