河北省唐县中国黄连木资源类型及其育性研究

Resource Types and Fertility of Pistacia chinensis Bunge in Tang County of Hebei Province

中国黄连木在绿化、用材、观赏、药用及油料供应等方面具有很重要的经济价值。为了摸清河北省唐县中国黄连木资源的分布特点,以便更好地合理开发利用中国黄连木资源,2012-2013年,在唐县通过电话、走访及实地查看等方法进行中国黄连木种质资源调查,同时对各类型植株进行育性及结果特性研究。结果表明,在唐县首次发现雌雄同株中国黄连木资源类型。特异资源的雌雄花序分布较为复杂,花序着生有3种情况:雌雄花序同株不同枝、雌雄花序同枝不同花序、雌雄花序同花序芽;全部资源花序构成有4种情况:雌花与雄花各自形成花序、雄花及雌花以小穗形式构成混合花序、一朵小花中花药与子房同时存在形成两性花、一个花序中同时存在单一性别的小花与两性花。育性及结果特性研究显示:雌雄同株种质的花粉与子房均具有育性,而且以雄株为父本,雌雄同株植株较雌株收获的果实更大。中国黄连木雄株、雌株、雌雄花序同株不同枝、雌雄花序同花序芽的配子体可育,母体对于果实各指标的影响可能较大,果实横径、纵径及单粒质量间均两两显著相关。

Pistacia chinensis Bunge plays an important role in the aspects of greening,timber, sightseeing,officinal and fuel supply.To know the distribution traits of P .chinensis Bunge in Tang county of Hebei province,explore and make good use of P .chinensis Bunge resource, resources investigation through calls,interview and field survey were done in Tang county between 2012 and 2013,and the fertility and fruit traits among different resources were also studied.The results showed that the exceptional monoecious P .chinensis Bunge trees were found for the first time in Tang county.The distribution of staminate and pistillate inflorescences was highly complex in monoecious P .chinensis Bunge trees.Inflorescences borne on the branches were divided into three categories：staminate and pistillate inflorescences borne on different branches of the same tree,staminate and pistillate inflorescences borne on the same branch, staminate and pistillate flowers borne in the same inflorescence.Four types of inflorescence formation were found：staminate and pistillate flowers formed their own inflorescences,mixed inflorescences,hermaphrodite flower,single-sex flowers and hermaphrodite flower consisted of an inflorescence.Experiments on fertility and fruit traits showed that pollen and ovary from monoecious resource were fertile;male tree as male parent,monoecious trees as female parent got bigger fruit than female tree as female parent.P .chinensis Bunge were monoecious or dioecious, gametophyte of male trees,female trees,the first and the third categories above were fertile. Maybe female parent influenced merits of fruits more largely,there were significant correlation between transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and per seed weight of a fruit.