英语若干特殊否定句式的句法—语用阐释

The Syntactic and Pragmatic Interpretation to Some English Special Negations

既往对英语特殊否定现象的研究在句法语用层面,结合形式句法移位和语用礼貌原则加以阐释,但难以涵盖不同相关句式。本研究对not think、notbecause以及notuntil三类特殊否定的生成和推理进行了句法—语用阐释。在形式句法层面,not think不存在移位,其生成动因完全归于语用原则;notbecause和notuntil则存在移位。在语用层面,not think类特殊否定从言者说话角度是基于礼貌原则,从听者推理角度是基于特定的主观性言语行为;而notbecause以及notuntil从言说角度是基于经济原则,从推理角度是基于对于预设的否定。

The former syntactic and pragmatic interpretation to English special negations took both syntactic movement and pragmatic politeness into consideration. This interpretation failed in covering different special negations. The present study aims at a comprehensive syntactic and pragmatic interpretation to three different English special negations： not think, not... because and not...until separately. Syntactically, the first not think concerns no movement while the latter two do involve syntactic movement. Pragmatically, from the speakers＇ point of view, the first follows the politeness principle while the lat- ter two follow the economy principle. From the listeners ＇ point of view, the first is successfully deduced because of its spe- cial speech act which indicates subjectivity and the latter two are deduced on the basis of presupposition negation.