翻译的目的与规范之冲突——以清末为例

On the Purpose and Function of Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty

德国功能派认为,翻译是人类的目的性行为,译者在翻译过程中要照顾各翻译参与者的目的。然而翻译目的不仅考虑到各翻译参与者,还应关注到翻译规范。当翻译目的与翻译规范相冲突时,译文的功能便无法实现。清末译者的翻译目的是提升政治小说的地位、扩大读者群以改良民智,然而事实证明他们并没有完全取得成功。其主要原因在于译者并没有完全遵从当时的社会规范、文学规范以及市场规范。

Functionalist argues that translating is a purposeful activity and the translators have to take all the agents＇ pur- poses into consideration. However, a successful translating concerns more than that and it should stress on translation norms as well. ff translation purposes and translation norms conflict with each other, then it is hard for a translation version to realize its function. For example, the translators ＇ expecting translation purpose in the Late Qing Dynasty was to enhance the status of political novels, broaden the readership so as to educate the improve the people. Unfortunately, they failed to make it mainly because they didn＇ t follow the social norm, literary norm and market norm at that time.